Physics
Solar cell efficiency
Solar cell efficiency refers to the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via photovoltaics…
Solar constant
The solar constant is a flux density measuring mean solar electromagnetic radiation (solar irradiance) per unit area. It is measured…
Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the…
Photoelectric effect
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material. Electrons emitted…
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is a term which covers the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic…
Cabin pressurization
Cabin pressurization is a process in which conditioned air is pumped into the cabin of an aircraft or spacecraft, in…
Early flying machines
Early flying machines begins more than a century before the first successful manned aeroplane, and the earliest aircraft thousands of…
Romanticism in science
Romanticism (or the Age of Reflection, 1800–1840) was an intellectual movement that originated in Western Europe as a counter-movement to…
North light in architecture
North light is natural light coming from the north (in the Northern Hemisphere). It consists of light which comes from…
Copper advantages in architecture
Copper has earned a respected place in the related fields of architecture, building construction, and interior design. From cathedrals to…