Romantic architecture in Hungary

Romance is a decisive style orientation present in Hungarian architecture between 1840 and 1870; chronologically transitions between classical architecture and historicism. His most important masters are Miklós Ybl and Frigyes Feszl ; the most important works are the parish church of Fót, the synagogue Pesti Vigadó and the Dohány street.

Determining the style of romantic buildings is often made difficult by the appearance of a variety of architectural styles on a house. Characteristic are Romanesque, Byzantine and Islamic elements, early- Renaissance semicircular, and the use of powerful plastered squares of Islamic hollow openings. In particular, the influence of English (neo) Gothic architecture, castles, vaulted vaults, high-pitched or flat roofs, bastion-like towers, and the appearance of the parade are particularly influential in the castle architecture.

As a result of the political situation, among the architects of the period, the Austrians played at least a decisive role as the Hungarians.

Characteristics of Romantic Architecture in Hungary
Romance is a difficult concept in terms of architecture in architecture; Its characteristics appear at the time of classicism and are clearly linked to classicist buildings, and the eclectic nature of the combination of different styles makes it the forerunner of historicization. In addition, thanks to the political circumstances and especially to Frederick Feszl’s work, Hungary also had a national character.
Of the romantic architectural features, the earliest gothicism has been in Hungary since the middle of the 18th century. Typical place of appearance was garden and park architecture, but we can count on the reconstruction of the Pollack Mihály- style cathedral in Pécs. Subsequently, the “Rundbogenstil”, or “semicircular style “, developed in southern Germany, is characterized by the influence of Romanian, early Christian, Byzantine and Islamic architecture. In the third line of Romanticism the Baroque – Rococo features dominate. According to Dénes Komarik, all three trends are characterized by mass formations using cubic, simple geometric bodies.

These trends have emerged in the Hungarian architecture at the same time as late Classicism. In the middle of the nineteenth century, voices against the classicism as a “strange style” (Lajos Kossuth) intensify, which, more and more in romance, is seen as a possibility of creating Hungarian national architecture. “Art is only when it has a distinct relationship with the author as its nation, nationality was always the richest source of art… If we want to become great in art, we must become real Hungarians, not imitating the art of other nations” In 1841 Imre Henszlmann. These hopes are ultimately fulfilled by the work of Frederick Feszl, who combines the motifs of Hungarian folk art in Vigadó with the style of Eastern architecture. (Later Ödön Lechner draws a similar source later in the Art Nouveau period, but it has a completely different result.) The Moorish style architecture appears in the Romantic period, especially in synagogues, regardless of national aspirations.

Political and historical circumstances
Although the basic demands of the Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49 were not fulfilled, his actions opened the way for the capitalist transformation of Hungarian industry and commerce. The administration of the country under strict authority was reorganized several times: Haynau created 15 districts with the abolition of the counties, and a new reorganization took place in the Bach era: Transylvania, Croatia, the Border Region, the Serbian Vojvodina and the Temesi Bank were separated from the country and the remaining area divided into five districts. The rapid development of the economy was facilitated by the abolition of customs borders between Austria and Hungary in 1850, the liberalization of serfdom (albeit under unfavorable circumstances in comparison with the measures under the War of Independence) and the establishment of a civilian state, but also administrative measures supporting Germanism.

In 1859 József Ferenc dismissed Interior Minister Alexander Bach, in Hungary both the content and the form restored the historical administration. On October 20, 1860, the court issued the so-called ” October Diploma, which was foreseen to restore the Parliament. In response to the meeting in Esztergom, requested the convening of the Parliament. On February 26, 1861, the ruler issued the so- february, who ordered an imperial gathering over the provincial assemblies. These were not accepted in the inscriptions of the newly assembled Hungarian Parliament in 1861. Therefore, Francis József proclaimed a provisional temporary status, also known as provisional, under the leadership of Anton von Schmerling (1861-1865). Ferenc Deák in the Pesti Diary subsequently published his famous Easter article in which he declared the nobility’s willingness to change to the ruler. The Emperor dismissed Schmerling, and the negotiations between the two parties began. Meanwhile, the Prussian-Austrian-Italian war broke out in which the Austro-Hungarian Empire was defeated by Prussia, and its result was to bring the interests of Austria closer to compromise. The Compromise was created in 1867, which was also the date of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.

The most important architects of romantic style in Hungary
The most important figure of Hungarian romantic architecture, according to the researchers, is that Frederick Feszl, who is not only due to one of the main works of the era, but also a large part of his rich oeuvre, created under the influence of style. Beside the architects who form the romantic style, they can be divided into two groups. One of them is those who have made important works in a romantic style, but most of their work is linked to the period of historicization. Among them is the most prominent Miklós Ybl, but Antal Szkalnitzky and Antal Wéber are also worth mentioning. The other group consists of masters who have left behind works of good quality, but generally less relevant to one region. Here is the son of Pollack Mihály, Ágoston Pollack ; Ferenc Brein, designer of the Pekáry House in Pest; Ferenc Wieser, the designer of the Pichler house, József Pan and Máltás Hugó, who are also mainly in the capital. Among the rural masters, the most prominent János Prokopp, Esztergom, Antal Kagerbauer in Transylvania, and Nándor Handler, employed in Sopron and its surroundings, stand out. According to the plans of Hans Petschnig in Pécs, the New Town church in Szekszárd (1865-68) and today’s Toldy Ferenc Secondary School in Buda were built. József Hild, who is basically a classicist master, is joined by the groupings, but his relationship with romance is also related to the end of his life – not a small part of his work, János Prokopp.

It is important to mention that many of the major buildings of the era, such as our first romantic castles, are tied to Austrian architects. The names of Johann Julius Romano von Ringe (Erdődy Castle, Vép), Alois Pichl (Keglevich Castle, Nagyugróc), Franz Beer (Zichy-Ferraris Castle, Oroszvár), Ludwig Zettl (Lipótmezei Országos Tébolyda) can be mentioned by foreign masters between.

World Architecture
Public buildings
In June 1844, a public, secret, international design contest was proclaimed on the building of the permanent Pest of Hungary. In order to evaluate the received entries, the events of 1848-49 did not take place yet, but we know the work of Frigyes Feszl, which is the earliest monumental application of the Hungarian romantic architecture, its “individual alloy of the half-German” Rundbogenstil << and the mór elements ". Already here, these plans show the most important building of the era, the many elements of Pest Vigadó. He later made plans for several public buildings, such as the reconstruction of the German Theater in Pest in 1847, and he directed the building of the wooden parquetry summer theater in Lövölde Square in 1860 but was demolished seven years later. In the Bach era, there are basically few public buildings in Hungary compared to the period of classicism and history. In Vienna, the plans for the Timisoara Gothic Palace built in 1856-60 show the influence of the Renaissance palaces in Florence. In 1859 Makó built a city hall in Gyula in 1861, both of which are in the direction of semicircular romance. Gótitó, however, was designed by Ágoston Gianone in Pécsvárad (1855-57) and in the town of Verse (1859-60) by Vilmos Bücher. An Austrian architect, Ludwig Zettl, from Vienna, made the Lipótmezei Országos Tébolyda, a Baroque manor, between 1859-68, which was the largest public building in Hungary until the Parliament was ready. The chapel divides the yard of the square main building of a complex ground plan into two parts. Its four-story main facade is divided by a four-axle side- and five-axle central risal, the latter decorated with a decorative coat of arms and a three-axle carriage driver. The façade is made up of plinths, plaster tiles, and the manhole mainstairs. The most significant theatrical building of the era was completed in Debrecen, later an important historical architect, Antal Szkalnitzky as the early, romantic masterpiece. Between 1861 and 1965, the Csokonai Theater, with its characteristic front-elevating mass-faced façade, faces the 5-axis center-stage of a three-axle carriage coach used as a balcony. Its curved main rocks are decorated with sculptures erected on top of the center-edges of polygonal columns. In the political and noble society of the era, the Pest National Horse was a central part of the era, which Ybl plans to build in 1858, behind the classicist palace of the Hungarian National Museum. Around many nearby noble palaces were built; Lovarda itself has been demolished today. A public design contest was issued to the headquarters of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1861. This was won by the renowned architect Friedrich August Stüler's Neo-Renaissance style. The building, completed in 1865, is the forerunner of history; many of our later renowned architects, such as Miklós Ybl and Antal Szklanitzky, worked. The Pest Vigadó In 1853, for the first time in 1853, József Hild made plans to replace Pesti Vigadó, which was destroyed in 1848-49, and was likely to give way to Frigyes Feszl. The plan was completed in 1859 but the construction was delayed until 1865. In the building he attempted to create an independent Hungarian national style in the building and successfully melted elements of a variety of architectural and artistic trends into a harmonious unit. The weight of the building is novel: a corner of the corner of the corners is a uniform, monumental and homogeneous, seemingly central plane. Also a peculiar, innovative solution is the two-tiered facade design that not only displays the backbone behind it, but gives the building an elegant and powerful perspective. The highly muscular, plastic facade is filled with rich sculptural decorations. The design of the building has been developed by Tesla to the small details. Citizens' houses, town palaces, villas The town dwellings of the epoch are characterized by the emphasis on the (corner) risalitas instead of the balanced, often monotonous classification of classicism, and the 2-3-storey average height increases to 3-4 floors in Pest. Along with the accentuated garrisoned main rooftop, another ledge is often raised on the façade, frequently on the façade above the entrance and the balcony in the rosettes. The windows are filled with rich decorations or plastering. The examples of the representative large-scale capital cities of the Romantic dwellings were designed by József Nádor Square, the Kovács-Sebestyén House, designed by Ferenc Wieser, based on the plans of Máltás Hugó. In detail, the Pichler House (1855-57), the Venetian Ca 'd'Orot (1855-57) house (V. Nádor utca 22.), which was built in 1846-47 by Zofahl Lőrinc's plans, in 1851, according to the plans of Frigyes Feszl, Károly Gerster and Lajos Frey. The unique and charming work of the Romantic Architect was built in 1852 by the Unger Museum in Budapest, the early masterpiece of Miklós Ybl. The three-story main façade of the small gateway is enclosed by a distinctive, high, oriental patterned ledge. The seven balconies of the first floor are supported by griffins, which, in reduced form, return to the second floor as a hanging girdle. The Hungarian street façade is bigger, but its decoration is more restrained; the inner courtyard decorated with glazed windows recalls Italian palaces. While Ybl Unger's house is a semi-circular romance, it is clear that the culinary line is followed by the work by Ferenc Brein of the Király-utcai Pekáry House, the Venetian palaces from 1847. Its four-storey façade is enclosed by tall, hedgehog grooves, a fine and elegant detail of the balcony corner corner. The Westermayer house in Kerepesi út in 1867 was built according to the designs of Pan (Pán) József's Baroque romantic style notes (from 1891 the famous Pannonia Hotel operates here). Typically, smaller, one-two-storey residential houses in rural towns were built in this era. Among the numerous fortunate examples, the Black House in Szeged, which was commissioned by Ferenc Ferencn Mayer, was built in 1857 by Károly Gerster. Despite its small size, its facade is varied, in particular with elements of English Gothic architecture. Similar to the style and scale of the Augusz House in Szekszárd, the work of a local builder, Jakab Stann, is the work of a well-known building of the age, the Miramare Castle in Trieste. Neo-Gothic pieces are featured in one of Nándor Handler's sophisticated works, two-storey residential building below. There was a growing demand for construction in Esztergom, which was mainly built in the town in the 1950s, and later in 1862, after which the János Prokopp, the former master builder and the official architect of the town, tried to fulfill it, together with József Hild, who worked in the cathedral. The most beautiful and largest example of the romantic city palaces was the Karátsony Palace in Buda , which was demolished in 1938 and was built on the mandate of Count Guatempo Karatachev in the 1850s. The palace, the mainstay of Pan József's palace, has a two-storey facade with 3 + 4 + 3 + 4 + 3 axes with a strong centerredge with a large coat of arms. The lavishly decorated interiors sparked their pairs in the era. During the Romantic period, the neoclassical fashion of the town's villas continues. The Grabovszky Villa designed by Ybl (1852) , like the Karátsony Palace, is clearly in the semicircular style. Rather, the effect of the gothic romance is shown by Károly Zwitkovitch's built-in Ranlder Villa (József Szentirmai, 1862) built in 1851 in Szombathely, the so-called "Bagolyvár" and the Ranolder János Veszprém Bishop's House, whose open arcade-like ground level with eyebrows and tiny towers with its decorated mass at the end of the left side wing a tower was joined. The so-called. "Swiss Villa" or "Swiss House", whose facade is dominated by a multi-storey, oromate, richly carved porch. A nice example is the Jókai u. In Balatonfüred. (14) or Frederick Feszl's two fortunate buildings, the Heckenast Villa (1850s) of the Pilismaroth designed for Heckenast Gusztáv, and the Kochmeister Villa in Buda (XII Budakeszi út 71, 1852). Country Residences The first romantic castles were built on Austrian soil by Austrian architects. The castles showing medieval forms have appeared since the 1830s, at the time of classicism. Early examples are characterized by maintaining a balanced, calm mass formulation characteristic of the previous lifestyle style, but in the spirit of medieval nostalgia, the corner edges are replaced by cylindrical or square bastions, the main rocks being guarded and guarded. Over time, masses and floor plans become more and more complex and asymmetrical; the basically horizontal, one-two-story mansion is almost always accompanied by a multi-level tower, often with flat roofs. Buildings typically seem larger than their real size. While German parallels for early-time castles may be introduced, the latter are clearly the result of the English gothic-gothic castle-building. Romantic castles are characterized by lavishly decorated, intriguing interiors, while representative features are backed by the times of the past, and the intimate, personal, family-like atmosphere is increasingly emphasized. The decorative rooms disappear, and the library, the smoker, and the salon are also available to accommodate guests. Castles built in the age of Romance are typically planted with richly planted English gardens. Romantic mansions in contemporary Hungary The castle of Zichy-Ferraris, Oroszvár (1841-44) - the castle-like, corner-brick building was designed by Franz Beer, its façade is decorated with guardians and daggers. Keglevich Castle, Nagyugróc (1845-50) - a castle built in the Baroque period from the 17th century, converted by Austrian architect Alois Pichl into a gothic romantic spirit. Erdődy Castle, Vép (1846-47) - The 16th-century castle, which has been extended and rebuilt several times, was transformed into a romance style by Johann Julius Romano von Ringe, an Austrian architect. Batthyány Castle, Ikervár (1847) - Based on the plans of Ágoston Pollack and Miklós Ybl, a romantic castle built from the Renaissance form of the original Baroque 18th-century mansion and the ground floor part of it was born. The symmetrical floor plan and the ground-floor Palladio theme also show Ybl's Italian alignment. Bánffy Castle, Bonchida (1850-55) - a 16th-century basement baroque mansion was built in Neogothic wing by Antal Kagerbauer. Particularly characteristic is the enormous, "late-gothic" upper balcony of the medieval wall. The composition of the palace after the Second World War was heavily depleted and partly devastated. Zichy Castle, Zichyújfalu - Count Zichy Nepomuk János built it in the 1860s. The L-shaped building was deprived of its beautiful stucco after the Second World War, and after the regime change, its condition also deteriorated. Since 1998 he has been a mayor's office. Zichy Castle ("Annavár"), Nagybörcsökpuszta (today Káloz) (1852-58) - the gothic romantic castle complex was characterized by massive mass management and informal floor plan. His works have long been attributed to Miklós Ybl, but in fact is Antal Wéber's work. In 1870-71 Count Anna Zichy Pálné Kornis Gottfried Semper made plans to rebuild the French late Renaissance-Mannerist style. The castle was burnt down in World War II and was largely dismantled later. Szentgyörgyi-Horváth Castle, Lower Silesian (1855) - a single-towered building with an asymmetrical façade showing the influence of English Neo-Gothic. The Wenckheim hunting lodge, Bélmegyer -Fáspuszta (1855-1862) - is a complex, bulky building with irregular planes and its current neogothic façade is due to Miklós Ybl. Mikó-kastély, Marosújvár (1856-62) Antal Kagerbauer, a two-storey, English-style romance-style mansion built by Kagerbauer. Rhédey Castle, Zsáka (1858) - a one-storey, manor-like tower building, built in a gothic romantic style. Festetich Castle, Bogota (Szombathely) (1860) - a two-story gothic building built on English pattern. Zichy Castle, Gégény (today, Köröshegy, 1860) - a one-storey, divided mass building with a two-story tower. Andrássy Castle, Parno (1860) Erdődy Castle, Vörösvár (today Vasvörösvár, 1862-64) - one of our most beautiful romantic castles, a masterful combination of a wide variety of styles. Its anticipation is cited by English Gothic architecture, and in its detail forms many sources of romance come back. One of the main works of Antal Wéber. The II. After World War II a part was demolished. The castle of Esterházy, Galanta (1860s) - built on the plans of Antal Wéber belongs to the gothic lineage of romance, the size of which is one of the most important castles of the Carpathian Basin. In the detail forms, the effect of the semicircular style can be observed. Bethlen Castle, Árokalja (1860s) - is one of the most spectacular buildings of the time reflecting the Byzantine influence. The rectangular mansion is crowned with a tentacle, with a large bulb on top; it is also onion trees on the four corners of the building. Its style and mass formation John Nash suggests the royal royal palace of Brighton between 1815-18. Rónay Castle, Kiszombor (1858) Sacred Architecture Churches The most important church building of the time, and the early masterpiece of Miklós Ybl, is the Countless Conception Church (1845 - 55) made by Count István Károlyi, and the related buildings in Fót. Ybl placed the church on an artificial charge, surrounded by two stories in the same style as the ground floor. Its floor plan and mass are both traditional and innovative at the same time. Of the four towers, the two main facades rise from the building, with the lower backs joining only one side. The three-yacht ship is connected to a semi-circular planar with a planar width plan in which the shrine will be interposed between the altarpiece and the sacristy. The facade of the church cites the Romanesque churches of Kegyúrt, while Romanesque style figures are associated with Gothic proportions. The two flat roofs tower in Norman-English buildings. The interior was primarily decorated by foreign masters. Early in the design phase, in 1846, Ybl made an Italian study tour at the expense of the client. However, in the finished building, the influence of contemporary German architecture, such as the Friedrich Werderkirche of Friedrich Friedrich Schinkel in Berlin and Friedrich von Gärtner's Munich Ludwigskirche, can be observed. Also based on the plans of Miklós Ybl, Szent István parish church in Nagycenk was built by István Széchenyi, who was already living in Döbling. The harmonious, uniform design of the building, which was constructed between 1860 and 64, has a subtle dimension to the building of Romanian style. Its style is similar, but in a different way, the Evangelical Church in Kecskemét is also centrally formed, also by Ybl. Among the sacrificial sacral buildings, the Count Károly Keglevich, a parish church named after St. Marton in his memory of Pétervára, stands out as the early forerunner of romantic architecture, which was dated early in construction (1812-17). His historian, Ferenc Povolni of Eger, has surely encountered the gothic baroque architecture in the Czech and Moravian countryside, where the church of St. Marks with naive Gothic forms preserves his influence. This group includes Hermina chapel (1842-56), Hermitage in Budapest, József Hild's late-styled creation. Between 1860 and 1863 the Roman Catholic church known as the cathedral was built in Versec, which according to Dénes Komárik belongs to the gothic romance. The facade is devoid of the neo-Gothic structure and precision, while the Gothic style elements are more likely to affect the size of the church. Baroque romantic works include the new tower of the Pest Franciscan Church, which was made between 1860 and 1863 according to plans by Ferenc Wieser. Many buildings demonstrate that the age difference between Catholic and Protestant temples, previously in style and in the location of the building, disappears. Previously it was attributed to Miklós Ybl, but the work of János Wagner, the evangelical church of Losoncon (1852 - 54), which uses the delightfully naive goiters. built according to the plans of Antal Szkalnitzky Hajdúhadháza Reformed Church (1868 - 72), however, Romanian and Quattrocento elements combines, reported a sense of transition from romantic historicism style and a semicircularNeo-Romanesque architecture. According to the plans of Austrian architect Ludwig Förster, the tower of the Lutheran church in Sopron was built. The building of the Slovakian Evangelical Lutherans in Pest was built on the Kerepesi (today Rákóczi) road in 1852 according to József Diescher's plans, the last element of which was the construction of a gothic-romantic church with a light middle class in 1867. (The sidewalls of the complex were later demolished, and the plot was surrounded by the so-called Luther court, which also covers the temple used as a warehouse today). Synagogues After 1840 allowed Jews to settle in towns, the construction of the synagogues gave new impetus. Although we know of many ecstasy examples from the era (Tapolca, 1863, Putnok, 1865), the basic style of synagogue has become semicircular romance that shows the effects of Byzantine and Moorish traditions. One of the early examples is Pope. The master of the synagogue built between 1841 and 46 is still unclear, according to Ferenc Dávid's research Antal Steiner was a pope architect. The synagogue, with plaster-facade façades, with its semicircular style, is one of the most beautiful and greatest of the day, despite its depleted state, still dominates its surroundings. One of the most significant investments in Hungary is the construction of the Pest Dohány Street Synagogue. An invitation to design was issued in 1851, in addition to Frédéric Feszl's plan of József Hild's classicist design. In the style of the synagogue of the era, in a style fitting to its style, there are two parallel, three-tiered, Moorish-style wings in the parallel, with a cupola dome at the end of the elongated yard. However, he did not win the tender, but Austria's Ludwig Förster won - after Förster had fought with the community, in 1858, Feszl was given a mandate for the final step of the work to create the sanctuary. The completed building is not only one of Europe's largest synagogues, but one of the peaks of the sacred architecture of the era. The two-facade façade is rhyming to the mass formation of Christian churches, and the squat interior can be a Protestant prayer house, while Moorish style makes the function of the building unmistakable. The red and yellow brick facades are decorated with semi-circular windows and a spectacular rose window. In the nearby Rumbach Sebestyén Street, an Austrian architect, Otto Wagner, who was awarded a design contest, was planning to build another synagogue in 1870. The building, which is also in Moorish style, is decorated with yellow and red brick facade, is marked by two minaret-resembling turrets in the street image, but the interior of the street is not longitudinal, but central to the Dohány Street. The two most important romantic synagogues of Pest have ground planes and stylistic features that are reflected in similarly-resident rural buildings, which in most cities have received a place worthy of public interest in Jewish citizenship. In Kecskemét, for example, it was built on the edge of the main square, based on the designs of the great one-towered Moorish synagogue based on the plans of János Zitterbarth between 1863-71. In Pécs, the synagogue praising the Gerster-Frey Architectural Complex (1866-69) was also located in the city center of today's Kossuth Square. In Győr, however, the huge mass of synagogue (Károly Benkó, 1866-69) was removed from the historic city center. VacIn 1863 the new congregation of the Jewish community was handed over, and in 1872 the new synagogue, Szentes, was made in Makó. Ordinary constructions, other religious buildings In the age, especially women's orders launched larger constructions. Kaposvár's outstanding romantic architectural memory is the former monastery of the loving sisters near Main Square. Gótizáló effect at the Veszprém English damsels building complex (Szentirmay Joseph, 1860), as well as the Sopron Ursula convent and church, which was built in 1862 based on designs from Belgrade Handler. The Turkish Capuchins had to restore the baroque church and monastery of Turkish origin, because the complex was seriously damaged in 1849, at the time of the siege of the Castle. For the work carried out in the 1850s Frigyes Feszl participated in the elaboration of the plans. The church is a typical example of the middle-edged gothic romantic type. According to József Hild's plans, the Ónemarium of Esztergom was completed, which, unlike classicism, is already clearly the romantic influence of the designer's earlier buildings. An attractive and beautiful example of the tombstones of the era is the Bolza-tomb chapel of Szarvas, built in 1870 by Antal Wéber. Industrial and agricultural architecture, infrastructure In the 1850s and 1960s, despite the political repression, the country's economy grew rapidly. Between 1848 and 1867, the length of the railway lines increased from 176 to 2160 kilometers, making railway a driving force for the era. The most important building of the Hungarian railway network, the predecessor of today's Western Railway Station, was designed by the Pest Carrier Paul Eduard Sprenger under the leadership of Mátyás Zitterbarth in 1846. In addition to the existing railway buildings, such as the Szolnok railway station, which was handed over in 1857, there are also memorials for the memorial of the horse-drawn railway in Újpest, most of which were trained by its former New-End station (Wagner János, 1867). The most important sectors of the capitalist economy and industry, mining, construction, mechanical engineering and their infrastructural backgrounds, the milling industry, the sugar and the distillery have been established. Larger industrial buildings include the Dreher family's Kőbánya brewery and part of the existing building complex of the first Pest Gas Works. The rare, rare memory of the agricultural architecture of the age is the Csősztorony of Kőbánya. The small, unusual feature building was built in 1844 in a romantic style, which was built in 1844 by Lőrinc Zofahl and Ferenc Brein. The cast has become this era is an important building material. In 1845, Ádám Clark started to produce this raw material on a high standard. Antal Ghiba designed the ground floor of a classicist Makói mosque, and in 1838 the cast iron structure appeared, which in the next decades has played an increasing role in the construction industry. Cast iron guarded balconies appear, for example, in the Grünzweil House designed by Ferenc Brein on the Pest Moon Street (1854-56). The monumental industrial remembrance of the era is the old-fashioned bridge of Hajógyári Island, which was built between 1857-58 and is now destroyed by the projecting jumper of Prokopp János. The special mention of our transport architecture is the Buda Castle Tunnel (1853-65), completed under the direction of Ádám Clark, which was completed under the direction of Chain Bridge. At the entrance to the east, a one-off plan with romantic effects has been made, and the realized, classicizing architecture finally aligns with the Chain Bridge. In the Second World War, however, the brickarchitecture of the Western entrance, which had been damaged and later demolished, clearly showed romantic signs. The reconstruction of the Chain Bridge launched another important infrastructure investment: the construction of the river banks of the city. Between 1857 and 1961 in the present Description: quay, and then 1866 to quay Pest section holder today Petõfi square is finished, it is established the Dunakorzó later on. Source from Wikipedia