Castles in Portugal

Castles in Portugal were crucial components of the military across history. The Portuguese learned the art of building fortifications from the Romans and the Moors. The Romans, who ruled and colonized the territory of current-day Portugal for more than four centuries, built forts with high walls and strong towers to defend their populations. The Moors, who invaded the Iberian Peninsula in the year 711, brought new stonework and heavily fortified gates to the peninsula.

History
Portugal has well-defined geographic boundaries, with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and the west, and rivers and mountains to the east and north. It occupies the westernmost portion of the Iberian Peninsula, and is about the size of the American state of Indiana. The country is a place of topographical contrasts as well, making its defense difficult. The areas around Porto in the north are hilly and green, with fertile river valleys and a rocky coast. The green mountains turn less fertile as they spread to the east, and become mountainous towards the south to the Beiras. Along the coastal Beiras, the topography becomes hillier, with pine forests and a sandy coast. In the central region, the area around the capital of Lisbon, is known for its white rocks, olive fields, and open spaces, while the Tagus basin divides the nation in half, with the yellow hills and cattle fields of the central region on the north bank and the beginnings of the Alentejo to the south. The Alentejo is a vast golden plain that extends south to the red cliffs and green hills of the Algarve. These conditions made the defense of Portugal difficult, and the region was marked by eras of fortification building. Unlike many of their European counterparts, Portuguese castles were heavily influenced by the master-builders of Rome and Northern Africa. Even the early Celtic tribes of Portugal, the early Lusitanians, already fortified their villages within simple stones walls by this time. The Romans, who occupied Portugal after this period, for the next 400 years, then built forts with high walls and strong towers to defend their towns. The Romans were the first to bring in organized military outposts in order to guard their domains. These outposts were usually built on existing fortified castros or defensible Neolithic/Paleolithic strongholds in the hills. But, the Romans gradually built their centres based on their trade and/or commercial needs, and abandoned many sites for places along rivers or lowland agricultural settlements. The outposts that remained continued to serve as sentries or outposts, while some points evolved into larger towns or cities that survived long after the Romans had retreated.

By the Middle Ages, Portugal was a crossroads of cultures, with hostile Moors to the south and rival Iberian kingdoms to the east. There were primarily two main periods of fortified castle construction: those built and defended by the Moors from Northern Africa, between the 8th and 13th centuries, and those built or maintained by Christian forces, including the Kingdom of Portugal, after this period.

Moors
The Moors, Islamic peoples who had arrived in the Iberian Peninsula from Northern Africa around 711 conquering the Christian lands ruled by the Germanic Kingdoms of the peninsula, built strong castles and fortifications in many cities. They brought innovative stonework and heavily fortified gates to Portugal. Meanwhile, Northern European and English forts/castles built wooden forts during this period. Although many Portuguese medieval castles originated in the Islamic period, most of them were extensively remodelled after the Christian reconquest. One of the best-preserved is the Castle of Silves, in the ancient capital of the Al-Garb (today’s Algarve). Built between the 8th and 13th centuries, the castle retains its walls and square-shaped towers from the Moorish period (including its 11th-century cisterns or water reservoirs). The old Moorish centre of the city, the Almedina, was defended by a wall and several fortified towers and gates, parts of which are still preserved.

Another example of Islamic castles in the Algarve is the Castle of Paderne, whose ruined walls evidence the taipa building technique used in some period construction. The Castle of the Moors, in Sintra (near Lisbon), has also preserved remains of its walls and a cistern from the Moorish occupation. Similarly, many of modern Portuguese towns and cities still retain examples of Moorish city walls that have been preserved or reused locally, such as in the Cerca Velha of Lisbon or the fortifications of Évora. Many of these walls were marked by the characteristic horseshoe-shaped gates leading into their courtyards, as evidenced from the castles in Faro and Elvas.

Kingdom
During the Portuguese Reconquista (12th and 13th centuries) many of the castles were reused or rebuilt to protect their fledgling kingdom from invasions from both Moors and rival Christians, like the Castilians. King Afonso Henriques sponsored the building of many fortifications (often remodelling Moorish castles) such as the Castle of São Jorge (in Lisbon) and granted land to Military Orders (specially the Templar Knights and the Knights Hospitallers) in order maintain order and defend their border outposts. The Templar Knights built several fortresses along the line of the Tagus river, like the castles of Pombal, Tomar, Belver and Almourol. They are credited as having introduced the keep to Portuguese military architecture. In addition to supporting national integrity, the castle was used to defend many of the settlements and towns in the hinterland, and promote the possession of crown.

Around the 12th century, Portugal emerged as a nation and, led by the nobleman Afonso Henriques, launched a bold crusade to carve the southwestern half of the Iberian Peninsula away from the Moors. Many of Portugal’s earliest castles from this post-1139 A.D. period were reconstructions of Moorish and Roman forts. Their ogival style has certain common themes: high simple granite walls, a dual towered gatehouse, a cistern and pointed castellated walls.

With the Gothic period, the castles became more and more flamboyant and deadly, with archers’ loops in the castellated walls, oil spouts at the base of parapets, and increasingly higher keeps and towers.

By 1249 the Moors had been expelled from southern Portugal, and the nation became the first in Europe to take on its modern borders. The focus of Portuguese castles during this period shifted from lines along east to west flowing rivers, to the towns along the long Portuguese border with rival Castile. The pinnacles of this period were the 13th-century castles built under King Denis, who rebuilt almost every major castle in the land. Until Denis, Portugal’s castles were usually just a three-story keep with one or two rings of walls. Now, new tower keeps were built, like the one at Castle of Beja or the five-sided keep at Sabugal. Many castles were encircled by multiple layers of walls, many with staggered gates and hidden escape doors. The wooden buildings used by the garrisons were built with more room for provisions and space for soldiers.

The 13th and 14th centuries was a period a flamboyant castle building, with more decorative touches and features, like pepper pots on towers, ornate brickwork and massive great halls built of stone. Many of these castles became fortified palaces to protect the monarch and courts.

But, just as castle building reached its zenith, the era came to quick end in 1453: in Byzantium, the Turks brought down the once impregnable walls of the castle with cannon fire. The age of castles was over. But, the age of great forts had just begun. Gone were high walls, proud keeps and strong towers. Now, low stonewalls were built around mounds of earth to repulse cannonballs. The straight lines of walls were replaced by star-like angles to allow for cannon and gunfire to be crossed with deadly results against the enemy. These forts became more and more sophisticated in the 16th and 17th centuries. Portuguese engineers built hundreds of impressive forts to defend the empire. Many are still found across South America, Africa, and Asia. The finest examples in Portugal may be found in Almeida, Valença do Minho, Marvão, and Elvas. These gun forts were in use up to the 1830s Civil War, the last war to be fought on Portuguese soil, and some had military uses into the 20th century.

List of Castles in Portugal

Northern Region

District of Aveiro
Castle of Santa Maria da Feira , Castle of Santa Maria , Feira Castle ( Santa Maria da Feira , Feira )
Castle Roqueiro de Coruto
Barra de Aveiro Fort , Gafanha Castle ( Ílhavo , Gafanha da Nazaré )

District of Braga
Castle of Arnoia , Castle of the Moors , Castle of Moreira ( Celorico de Basto , Arnoia )
Castle of Braga ( Braga , São João do Souto )
Castle of Faria ( Barcelos , Pereira )
Castle of Guimarães ( Guimarães , Oliveira do Castelo )
Castle of Lanhoso , Castle of Póvoa de Lanhoso ( Póvoa de Lanhoso , Póvoa de Lanhoso )
Castle of Vermoim
Fort of São João Baptista de Esposende , Fort of Esposende , Castle of São João Baptista ( Esposende , Esposende )
Wall of Barcelos , Castle of Barcelos ( Barcelos , Barcelos )
Torre de Aborim
Tower of Penegate ( Vila Verde , São Miguel de Carreiras )
Torre de Vasconcelos
Torre do Cimo da Vila

District of Bragança
Atalaia de Candaira , Atalaia da Candaira ( Bragança , Baçal )
Castle of Algoso ( Vimioso , Algoso )
Castle of Alva ( Freixo de Espada à Cinta , Ligares )
Castle of Ansiães , Castle of Carrazeda de Ansiães ( Carrazeda de Ansiães , Selores )
Castle of Bragança ( Bragança , Sé )
Castle of Freixo de Espada à Cinta , Castle of Freixo de Espada Cinta ( Freixo de Espada à Cinta , Freixo de Espada à Cinta )
Castle of Million
Castle of Miranda do Douro ( Miranda do Douro , Miranda do Douro )
Castle of Mirandela ( Mirandela , Mirandela )
Castle of Mogadouro ( Mogadouro , Mogadouro )
Castle of Mós ( Torre de Moncorvo , Mós )
Castle of Oleiros ( Mogadouro , Urrós )
Castle of Outeiro de Miranda , Fortress of Outeiro ( Bragança , Outeiro )
Castle of Penas Roias ( Mogadouro , Penas Roias )
Castle of Rebordãos , Castle of Tourão ( Bragança , Rebordãos )
Castle of Santulhão
Castle of Moncorvo ( Tower of Moncorvo , Tower of Moncorvo )
Castle of Vila Flor ( Vila Flor , Vila Flor )
Castle of Vimioso ( Vimioso , Vimioso)
Castle of Vinhais ( Vinhais , Vinhais )
Fort of Saint John of God (Bragança)
Tower of the Watchtower (Vimioso, Vimioso)

District of Porto
Castle of Aguiar de Sousa , Tower of the Castle of Aguiar de Sousa ( Paredes , Aguiar de Sousa )
Castle of Gaia ( Vila Nova de Gaia )
Castle of Paranho (Terroso, Póvoa de Varzim)
Military Spreading of Porto
Fortress of Our Lady of the Conception (Póvoa de Varzim) , Castle of Póvoa ( Póvoa de Varzim , Póvoa de Varzim )
Fort of Our Lady of the Assumption ( Vila do Conde . Vila do Conde )
Fort of Nossa Senhora das Neves , Fort of Leça da Palmeira , Castle of Matosinhos ( Matosinhos , Leça da Palmeira )
Fort of São Francisco Xavier do Queijo , Castle of the Cheese ( Porto , Nevogilde )
Fort of St. John the Baptist of Foz , Castle of St. John of Foz ( Porto , Foz do Douro )
Monastery of Leça do Balio , Church of Santa Maria de Leça do Balio ( Matosinhos , Leça do Balio )
Walls of Oporto ( Oporto )
Primitive Wall
Wall Fernandina do Porto
Tower of Vilar (Porto)
Tower of the Alcoforados , Tower of Lordelo ( Lordelo )

District of Viana do Castelo
Atalaia de Lovelhe , Fortim da Atalaia , Battery da Mata ( Vila Nova de Cerveira , Lovelhe )
Castle of Caminha , Fortress of Caminha ( Caminha , Caminha )
Castle of Castro Laboreiro , Castle of Castro Laboredo ( Melgaço , Castro Laboreiro )
Castle of Curutelo ( Ponte de Lima , Freixo )
Castle of Lindoso ( Ponte da Barca , Lindoso )
Castle of Melgaço ( Melgaço , Vila )
Castle of Monção ( Monção , Monção )
Castle of Neiva ( Viana do Castelo , Castle of Neiva )
Castle of Portuzelo ( Viana do Castelo , Santa Marta de Portuzelo )
Castle of Pena da Rainha , Castle of São Martinho de Penha ( Monção , Abedim )
Castle of Valença ( Valença , Valença )
Castle of Vila Nova de Cerveira ( Vila Nova de Cerveira , Vila Nova de Cerveira )
Castro de Moldes ( Viana do Castelo , Neiva Castle )
Castro de Sabariz

District of Vila Real
Castle of Piconha ( Montalegre , Tourém )
Castle of Chaves ( Chaves , Santa Maria Maior )
Castle of Monforte ( Chaves , Águas Frias )
Castle of Montalegre ( Montalegre , Montalegre )
Castle of Montenegro , Castro de Ribas ( Carrazedo de Montenegro )
Castle of Aguiar de Pena , Aguiar da Pena castle – ( Little Village Aguiar , Telões )
Castle of Portelo , Castle of Portelo ( Montalegre , Padornelos )
Castle of St. Stephen ( Chaves , St. Stephen )
Castle of the Bad Neighbor , Castelo dos Mouros ( Chaves , Top of Vila da Castanheira )
Castro de Cidadelhe , Cidadelhe Castle
Fort of Nossa Senhora do Rosário , Fort of São Francisco de Chaves ( Chaves , Santa Maria Maior )
Fort of São Neutel ( Chaves , Santa Maria Maior )
Tower of Quintela ( Vila Real , Vila Marim )

District of Viseu
Castle of Penalva Castle ( Penalva do Castelo , Castle of Penalva )
Castle of Ferreira de Aves , Tower of Ferreira de Aves ( Sátão , Ferreira de Aves )
Castle of Lamego ( Lamego , Almacave )
Castle of Penedono , Castle of Magriço ( Penedono , Penedono )
Castle of São Martinho de Mouros ( Resende , São Martinho de Mouros )
Castle of Sernancelhe ( Sernancelhe , Sernancelhe )
Castle of Tarouca ( Tarouca , Tarouca )
Castle of Armamar ( Armamar )
Walls of Viseu ( Viseu , Santa Maria de Viseu )
Tower of the Lagariça
Tower of Alcofra ( Vouzela , Alcofra )
Tower of Cambra ( Vouzela , Cambra )
Tower of Bandavizes ( Vouzela , Fataunços )
Tower of Ucanha ( Tarouca , Ucanha )
Tower of Vilharigues , Castle of Vilharigues ( Vouzela , Paços de Vilharigues )

Central Region

Castelo Branco District
Castle of Sertã ( Sertã , Sertã )
Covilhã Castle
Castle of Belmonte ( Belmonte , Belmonte )
Castle of Castelo Branco , Castle of the Templars ( Castelo Branco , Castelo Branco )
Castle of Castelo Novo ( Fundão , New Castle )
Castle of Idanha-a-Nova ( Idanha-a-Nova , Idanha-a-Nova )
Castle of Idanha-a-Velha , Castle of Idanha , Tower of the Templars ( Idanha-a-Nova , Idanha-a-Velha )
Castle of Monsanto ( Idanha-a-Nova , Monsanto )
Castle of Penamacor , Fortress of Penamacor ( Penamacor , Penamacor )
Castle of Penha Garcia ( Idanha-a-Nova , Penha Garcia )
Castle of Proença-a-Velha ( Proença-a-Velha )
Castle of Ródão , King Vamba Castle ( Vila Velha de Ródão , Vila Velha de Ródão )
Castle of Rosmaninhal ( Idanha-a-Nova , Rosmanneal )
Castle of Salvaterra do Extremo ( Idanha-a-Nova , Salvaterra do Extremo )
Castle of Segura , Fortress of Segura ( Idanha-a-Nova , Segura )
Ponte de Alvito Fort (Proença-a-Nova)
Tower of Centum Cellas , Centum Cellas , Centum Cellæ , Centum Celli , Centum Cœli , Tower of St. Cornelius ( Belmonte , Tower Colmeal )

District of Coimbra
Castle of Lousã , Castle of Arouce ( Lousã , Lousã )
Grandfather’s Castle ( Oliveira do Hospital , Grandfather )
Castle of Coimbra ( Coimbra , São Bartolomeu )
Castle of Germanelo ( Penela , Rabaçal )
Castle of Miranda do Corvo
Castle of Montemor-o-Velho ( Montemor-o-Velho , Montemor-o-Velho )
Castle of Penacova ( Penacova , Penacova )
Castle of Penela ( Penela , Santa Eufémia )
Castle of Santa Eulália
Castle of Soure ( Soure , Soure )
Fortress of Buarcos ( Figueira da Foz , Buarcos )
Fort of Santa Catarina ( Figueira da Foz , São Julião da Figueira da Foz )
Fortim de Palheiros ( Figueira da Foz , Buarcos )
Tower of Anto ( Coimbra , São Bartolomeu )
Tower of Redondos , Castle of Redondos ( Figueira da Foz , Buarcos )

District of Guarda
Castle of Guarda ( Guarda , Sé )
Castle of Mêda ( Mêda , Mêda )
Castle of Tailors ( Sabugal , Tailors )
Castle of Almeida ( Almeida , Almeida )
Castle of Caria Atalaia
Castle of Castelo Bom ( Almeida , Castelo Bom )
Castelo de Castelo Best ( Vila Nova de Foz Côa , Best Castle )
Castelo de Mendo Castle ( Almeida , Castelo Mendo )
Castle of Castelo Rodrigo ( Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo , Castle Rodrigo )
Castle of Celorico da Beira ( Celorico da Beira , Santa Maria )
Castle of Folgosinho ( Gouveia , Folgosinho )
Castle of Gouveia ( Gouveia )
Castle of Linhares ( Celorico da Beira , Linhares )
Castle of Longroiva ( Mêda , Longroiva )
Castle of Marialva ( Mêda , Marialva )
Castle of Monforte ( Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo , Colmeal )
Castle of Moreira de Rei ( Trancoso , Moreira de Rei )
Castle of Numão ( Vila Nova de Foz Côa , Numão )
Castle of Pinhel ( Pinhel , Pinhel )
Castle of Ranhados ( Mêda , Ranhados )

District of Leiria
Carrapatoso Castle
Castle of Alcobaça ( Alcobaça , Alcobaça )
Castle of Alfeizerão ( Alcobaça , Alfeizerão )
Castle of Atouguia da Baleia ( Peniche , Atouguia da Baleia )
Castle of Leiria ( Leiria , Leiria )
Castle of Monte Real ( Leiria , Monte Real )
Castle of Obidos ( Óbidos , São Pedro and Santa Maria )
Castle of Pombal ( Pombal , Pombal )
Castle of Porto de Mós ( Porto de Mós , São Pedro )
Fort of Saint John the Baptist of the Berlengas ( Peniche , Berlengas , São Pedro )
Fort of Saint Michael Archangel , Fort of the Hill of Nazareth ( Nazareth , Nazareth )
Fort of Consolação Beach ( Peniche , Atouguia da Baleia )
Stronghold of Peniche , Peniche Fortress ( Peniche , St. Peter )

Region of Lisbon and Tagus Valley

District of Lisbon
High Battery of Fresh Water ( Cascais , Cascais )
Bateria da Feitoria ( Oeiras , Oeiras and São Julião da Barra )
Lisbon’s Entrenched Field
Castle of Lourinhã ( Lourinhã , Lourinhã )
Castle of Alenquer ( Alenquer , Triana )
Castle of Arruda
Castle of Pirescoxe ( Loures , Santa Iria de Azóia )
Castle of São Jorge , Castelo dos Mouros ( Lisbon , Castle )
Castle of Sintra , Castle of the Moors ( Sintra , São Pedro de Penaferrim )
Castle of Torres Vedras ( Torres Vedras , Santa Maria do Castelo and São Miguel )
Castle of Vila Verde dos Francos ( Alenquer , Vila Verde dos Francos )
Old Castle of Colares ( Sintra , Colares )
Castle of Cascais
Citadel of Cascais ( Cascais , Cascais )
Blade Sharpening ( Cascais , Cascais )
Fort of Ameixoeira , Fort of D. Carlos I ( Lisbon , Ameixoeira )
Fort of the Fair ( Malveira , Mafra )
Crismina Fort , Cresmina Fort ( Cascais , Cascais )
Fort of Monsanto , Fort of Marquês de Sá da Bandeira
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Conceição ( Cascais , Cascais )
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Guia ( Cascais , Cascais )

District of Santarém
Castle of Abrantes , Fortress of Abrantes ( Abrantes , São João )
Castle of Alcanede ( Santarém , Alcanede )
Castle of Almourol ( Vila Nova da Barquinha , Ribatejo Beach )
Castle of Cera ( Tomar , Alviobeira )
Castle of Coruche
Ourém Castle , Paço dos Condes de Ourém ( Ourém , Nossa Senhora das Misericórdias )
Castle of Santarém ( Santarém , Marvila )
Castle of Tomar ( Tomar , São João Baptista )
Castle of Torres Novas ( Torres Novas , Santa Maria )
Castle of Zêzere ( Vila Nova da Barquinha , Ribatejo Beach )
Old Castle of Caratão ( Caratão )

Setúbal District
Bataria do Casalinho ( Setúbal , Our Lady of the Announced )
Bataria do Outão ( Setúbal )
Bataria da Trafaria ( Almada , Trafaria )
Castle of Alcácer do Sal ( Alcácer do Sal , Santa Maria do Castelo )
Castle of Almada ( Almada , Almada )
Castle of Canha ( Montijo , Canha )
Castle of Coina-a-Velha
Castle of Palmela ( Palmela , Palmela )
Castle of Santiago do Cacém ( Santiago do Cacém , Santiago do Cacém )
Castle of Sesimbra ( Sesimbra , Castelo )
Castle of Sines ( Sines , Sines )
Fort of Albarquel ( Setúbal , Our Lady of the Announced )
Forte de Almada (Almada, Almada)
Fort of Our Lady of Health of Trafaria (Trafaria, Almada)
Fort of Nossa Senhora das Salvas , Fort of Nossa Senhora de Salas ( Sines , Sines )
Fort of Santa Maria da Arrábida , Fort of Arrábida ( Setúbal , São Lourenço )
Fort of Santiago de Sesimbra , Fort of the Navy , Fort of the Beach , Fortress of Santiago ( Sesimbra , Santiago )

Alentejo region

Beja District
Atalaia da Cabeça Magra , Atalaia Magra ( Moura , St. Augustine )
Vidigueira Castle , Paço dos Gamas ( Vidigueira , Vidigueira )
Castle of Aljustrel ( Aljustrel , Aljustrel )
Castle of Alvito ( Alvito , Alvito )
Castle of Beja ( Beja , Santiago Maior )
Castle of Cola , Castle of Ourique , Castro de Cola , City of Marrachique ( Ourique , Ourique )
Castle of Mértola ( Mértola , Mértola )
Castle of Messejana ( Aljustrel , Messejana )
Castle of Montel , Old Castle of Cobres ( Castro Verde , Entrances )
Castle of Moura ( Moura , São João Baptista )
Castle of Noudar ( Barrancos )
Castle of Odemira ( Odemira , Santa Maria )
Castle of Serpa ( Serpa , Salvador )
Fort of São Clemente , Castle of Vila Nova de Milfontes , Castle of Milfontes ( Odemira , Vila Nova de Milfontes )
Fort of São Pedro de Serpa

District of Évora
Castle of Lousa , Roman Castle of Lousa – ( Mourão , Luz )
Vidigueira Castle , Vidigueiras Tower
Castle of Arraiolos – ( Arraiolos , Arraiolos )
Castle of Arruda ( Arruda dos Vinhos ) Confirmation of the donation, to the Order of Santiago de Castelo de Arruda Castle
Castle of Azinhalinho
Castle of Borba – ( Borba , Matriz )
Castle of Cabrela
Castle of Old Castle
Castle of Estremoz – ( Estremoz , Santa Maria )
Castle of Évora Monte , Castle of Évoramonte – ( Estremoz , Évora Monte )
Castle of Évora
Castle of Giraldo
Castle of Juromenha – ( Alandroal , Juromenha )
Castle of Monsaraz – ( Reguengos de Monsaraz , Corval )
Castle of Montemor-o-Novo – ( Montemor-o-Novo , Nossa Senhora da Vila )
Castle of Mourão – ( Mourão , Mourão )
Castle of Olivença
Castle of Portel – ( Portel , Portel )
Castle of Redondo – ( Redondo , Redondo )

Portalegre District
Castle of Alegrete – ( Portalegre , Alegrete )
Castle of Alpalhão
Castle of Alter do Chão – ( Alter do Chão , Alter do Chão )
Castle of Alter Pedroso – ( Alter do Chão , Alter do Chão )
Castle of Amieira do Tejo , Castle of Amieira – ( Nisa , Amieira do Tejo )
Castle of Arronches – ( Arronches , Asunción )
Castle of Assumar
Castle of Avis – ( Avis , Avis )
Castle of Barbacena – ( Elvas , Barbacena )
Castle of Belver – ( Gavião , Belver )
Castelo de Cabeço de Vide
Castle of Campo Maior – ( Campo Maior , São João Baptista )
Castle of Castelo de Vide – ( Castelo de Vide , Santa Maria da Devesa )
Castle of Elvas – ( Elvas , Alcáçova )

Algarve

Faro
Zavial Battery
Albufeira Battery
Castle of Senhora da Luz – ( Lagos , Luz )
Castle of the Relics
Castle of Albufeira – ( Albufeira , Albufeira )
Castle of Alcantarilha – ( Silves , Alcantarilha )
Castle of Alcoutim , Fortress of Alcoutim – ( Alcoutim , Alcoutim )
Castle of Aljezur – ( Aljezur , Aljezur )
Castle of Alvor , Castle of Albur , Fort of Alvor – ( Portimão , Alvor )
Arrifana Castle , Fort of Arrifana
Castle of Cacela
Castle of Castro Marim – ( Castro Marim , Castro Marim )
Castle of Estômbar , Castle of Abenabece – ( Estômbar , Lagoa )
Castle of Faro – Faro

Autonomous Region of the Azores

Western Group

Island of Flowers
Battery of Alagoa (Cedros, Santa Cruz das Flores)
Bateria da Lomba (Lomba, Lajes das Flores)
Battery of the Tip of the Caveira (Caveira, Santa Cruz das Flores)
Battery of the Pier (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
Battery on the Alto de Ponta Delgada (Santa Cruz das Flores) (Ponta Delgada, Santa Cruz das Flores)
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Island of Flowers)
Fort of Our Lady of the Rosary (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
Fort of Santo Antonio (Lajes das Flores) (Lajes das Flores, Lajes das Flores)
Fort of São Francisco (Flores Island) (Santa Cruz das Flores, Santa Cruz das Flores)
Fort of San Francisco Xavier (Island of Flowers)

Corvo Island
Fort of Our Lady of Miracles (Corvo Island) (Corvo Village, Corvo Village)

Central Group

Faial island
1º Forte da Feteira (Feteira, Horta)
1º Fort of Castelo Branco (Castelo Branco, Horta)
2nd Fort of Feteira (Feteira, Horta)
2nd Fort of Castelo Branco (Castelo Branco, Horta)
Monte Carneiro Anti-aircraft Battery (Flamengos, Horta)
Battery of Costa da Espalamaca (Conceição, Horta)
Battery of Mount of the Guide Mountain (Angústias, Horta)
Battery of Capelo (Capelo, Horta)
Fort of Boa Viagem (Horta) (?, Horta)
Fort of Carrasca , Fort of Santa Bárbara (Horta) (?, Horta)
Fort of Ponta Furada , Fort New (Horta) (Feteira, Horta)
Vera Cruz Fort of the Guard Corps (?, Horta)
Forte de Jesus Maria in the Forno da Cal (?, Horta)
Fort of Our Lady of Ajuda (?, Horta)
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Conceição (Conceição, Horta)
Fort of Our Lady of Hope (?, Horta)
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Guia (Horta) , Fort of Greta , Castle of Greta (Angústias, Horta)

Pico Island
1st Redoubt of the Magdalene (Magdalene, Magdalene)
2nd Redemption of the Magdalene (Magdalene, Magdalene)
Fort of Madalena (Magdalena, Magdalena)
Fort of Prainha (São Roque do Pico) (Prainha, São Roque do Pico)
Fort of Santa Catarina (Lajes do Pico) , Castle of Santo António (Lajes do Pico, Lajes do Pico)
Fort of the Pier (São Roque do Pico, São Roque do Pico)
Long Sand Round (Magdalena, Magdalena)
Reduct of the Holy Trinity of Barra (Lajes do Pico, Lajes do Pico)

Saint George Island
Fort of the Fajã dos Vimes (Ribeira Seca, Calheta)
Fort of the Preguiça (Calheta, Calheta)
Ribeira do Nabo Fort (Urzelina, Velas)
Urzelina Fort (Urzelina, Candles)
Fort of Bicas (?,?)
Fort of Caravelas (Candles, Candles)
Fort of the Packs (Packs, Candles)
Forte de Entre Morros (Candles, Candles)
Fort of Our Lady of the Conception (Candles) (Candles, Candles)
Fort of Nossa Senhora do Pilar , Fort of Eira , Castelinho das Eiras (Candles, Candles)

Graciosa Island
Fort of Arrochela (Beach, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Barra Fort , Barra Battery (Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Fort of Folga (Luz, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Fort of Afonso do Porto (Guadeloupe, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Fort of Our Lady of Victory (Guadalupe, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Fort of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios , Battery of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios (Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Forte de Pesqueira (Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)
Fort of Santa Catarina (Santa Cruz da Graciosa) (Santa Cruz da Graciosa, Santa Cruz da Graciosa)

Terceira Island
1st Reduto of Ribeira Seca (Vila de São Sebastião, Angra do Heroísmo)
2º Reduto da Ribeira Seca (Vila de São Sebastião, Angra do Heroísmo)
Barbete of Santa Catarina das Mós (Vila de São Sebastião, Angra do Heroísmo)
Casamatas of Serra do Cume (Santa Cruz, Praia da Vitória)
Castle of São Luís , Castle of São Cristóvão , Castle of Moinhos (Sé, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fortaleza de São João Baptista da Ilha Terceira , Fortaleza do Monte Brazil , Castle of São Filipe do Monte Brazil (Sé, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fort of Salga Bay , Fort of Salga (Jewish Port, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fort of the House of Sagas (?,?)
Fort of the Hermitage of São Vicente (?, Praia da Vitória)
Fort of Greta (Vila de São Sebastião) (Vila de São Sebastião, Angra do Heroísmo)
Horta Fortress of the Red Bachelor (?,?)
Fort of Ladeira Grande (Ribeirinha, Angra do Heroísmo)
Forte da Laginha (Ribeirinha, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fort of the Bad Tool (São Mateus da Calheta, Angra do Heroísmo)
Forte da Maré (São Mateus da Calheta, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fort of Quebrada , Fort of Facheiro (Sé, Angra do Heroísmo)
Fort of Long Street (Biscoitos, Praia da Vitória)
Forte das Caninas (Porto Judeu, Angra do Heroísmo)

Eastern Group

Island of Santa Maria
Battery of Laje da Part (Vila do Porto, Vila do Porto)
Casamatas do Pico Alto (Santa Bárbara, Vila do Porto)
Fort of São Lourenço Bay (Santa Bárbara, Vila do Porto)
Fort of Baixa do Vigário (Almagreira, Vila do Porto)
Forte da Figueira (Vila do Porto, Vila do Porto)
Fort of Forca (Vila do Porto, Vila do Porto)
Fort of Maia (Holy Spirit, Vila do Porto)
Forte da Prainha (Almagreira, Vila do Porto)
Fort of Nossa Senhora da Praia dos Anjos (Vila do Porto, Vila do Porto)
Fort of São Brás de Vila do Porto (Vila do Porto, Vila do Porto)
Fort of São João Baptista of Praia Formosa (Almagreira, Vila do Porto)

São Miguel
Battery of Pico da Castanheira (Arrifes, Ponta Delgada)
Battery of Our Lady of the Conception of Caloura , Fort of Our Lady of the Conception (Água de Pau, Lagoa)
Casamatas to the Areal of Santa Bárbara (Santa Bárbara, Ribeira Grande)
Castelo Branco (Vila Franca do Campo) (Ponta Garça, Vila Franca do Campo)
Royal Castle of Vila Franca (?, Vila Franca do Campo)
Fort of Canada do Castelo (Água de Pau, Lagoa)
Fort of the Star (Matriz, Ribeira Grande)
Fort of Forca (Vila Franca do Campo) (?, Vila Franca do Campo)
Fort of the Mother of God , Reduto of the Mother of God , Drums of D. João VI (São Pedro, Ponta Delgada)

Madeira
Baluarte Velho do Funchal
Sources Battery
Casamatas of the beach Formosa
Fortress of Our Lady of the Conception of the Ilhéu (Fortress of the Islet)
Fortress of São Filipe do Pelourinho (New Fortress of the Square)
Fort of São João Baptista do Pico
Fortaleza de São Tiago do Funchal (Fortaleza de Santiago Menor)
Morro da Pena Fortress

Island of Porto Santo
Fort of Saint Joseph of the Island of Porto Santo
Fort of the Peak of the Island of Porto Santo

Source from Wikipedia