Categories: Architecture

Razi style

The “Razi style” (شیوه معماری رازی) is a style (sabk) of architecture when categorizing Iranian architecture development in history.

The Razi style is a style in Iranian architecture that dates back to the fifth century until the beginning of the seventh century ( Samanids, Seljukis, and Khwarazmshahids ).

he architectural style of Razi began during the reign of the “Al Ziar” dynasty and reached its climax during the Khorezmshahs. Thus, for about 300 years, architecture has grown in Iran.

HU After the establishment of half-dependent states in Iran in the second and third centuries, the popular movement called the revival of Iranian scientific and literary life in the Islamic era began. The reasons for this movement are:

The prevalence of Islamic world outlook, the collapse of the former social system, the ability of all groups in the Iranian society to study science;
The invention of paper in China and its access to Samarkand in the 1st century BC, its impact on the development of books and science in Iran;
Allowing different ideas to interact with each other and its positive effects.
Thus, the architecture that has influenced the development of science, culture, and art in that era has made many advances. This led to the fact that some people called the Razi era “renaissance of Iranian art”. Unfortunately, after the attacks of the Mongols and their destruction, the art of this era fell.

The architectural style of Razi began in the city of Rei, south of the modern Tehran city. The best buildings of this style are built in this city. The Razi style developed, the developed “Ray” or “Razi” region, according to available data, was a place to be cultivated. For example, in the book “Seven Seasons” there were 6 thousand madrassas and a dynasty house, 400 baths, 1,700 towers and 15,000 wells in this area. Some writers say that the population of Rei at the time of flourishing is about 1.5 million. It is a city that has been uprooted. In 617, Genghis Khan’s hand was smashed and destroyed. Meanwhile, the city’s cultural monuments were destroyed. This city, which was renamed the “globe of the universe,” was devastated by this region, and could not even regain its former position and significance.

Various buildings have been built in Razi style. For example, a mosque, road columns, and minarets.

Towered mausoleums were made of polygons or columns. Some mausoleums were made of bricks, and some of the mausoleum walls were decorated with ornaments.

The most famous of these buildings is the Tower of Kabus. This tower is a hw It was built in the 4th century (1006) in the northeastern Iranian city of Gorgan. This tower, which is the symbol of this city, is one of the tallest towers in the world built of bricks. Its height is about 55.5 meters. It is built on a height of 15 meters high. The tower is cone shaped. In addition to the architects’ name and the year in which they were built, no inscription is visible. The inner diameter of the tower is 10 meters.

Some mosques with Razi architecture-style night prayer rooms have four mosaic open-air corridors. In this architectural style, the columns around the mosque and mosques around the mosque were removed and replaced by four large open corridors and one dome on top of it. Some historians believe that the mosque “Zaware” is the first mosque constructed with four open corridors. This mosque was built by H… In 530 AD (1135 AD) architect Mahmoud Isfahani built. This ancient mosque is located in the northern part of the modern mosque underground. Now, this mosque is built with a roof top towers and towers. This mosque is decorated with very beautiful stickers.

Razi-style towers are mostly wall-mounted, and their appearance is different. Large and small bricks were used for the construction of towers. The verses of the Qur’an are also written on the walls on the walls. By using the Razi-style inscription, the towers were erected with bricks and ceramic tiles. It is called “Magelly”. In this style, the tiles are used in brickwork.

Another feature of this epoch is the use of labels. Flowers and vegetation stickers give a beautiful look to the walls and dome.

The “alabaster grunt” was also widely spread in this era. Here, the alabaster is blended in different colors when mixed with different colors. This piece of alabaster has been made of tile and beautiful paintings.

Historical and literary data show that the Gaznavis and their followers have a great deal of emphasis on architecture. In this age of time, the number of buildings, not just the number of buildings, is the focus of attention. Some historians say that the size of a mosque in the city of Gazni is so great that it is called the Height of the Heaven. Also, during this era, the Shakhs has demonstrated their power by building a palace. According to historical data, the construction of one shed is 4 years, and its cost is about 7 million. Various stickers and tiles, one of the peculiarities of the Razi style, are widely used in the construction of administrative buildings. For example, the well-known historian Attaba describes the appearance of these palaces as a garden in the spring. He says, “Sometimes they bind brick walls to the engraved ornaments, so it looks like a colored fabric.”

The widespread double-story towers are one of the main features of modern architecture. Some European researchers, including Munira Douwarar, sought to explore the double-sided towers in Central Asia, but one should not forget: Central Asian architecture focuses on stone construction, and fresh bricks have been used in Iran.

Great attention is paid to the construction of double-storey towers in Razi style. The tower is called “double bedroom” because the inner and outer space of the tower differs from one another. The interior of the tower is half-shaped, and the outer oval shape is oval. The most striking example of this tower is the Tower of Isfahan Mosque. Western researcher and writer Schroeder describes this tower as a whole that is strong in terms of inspiration, accurately calculated from the point of view of mathematical calculations, mechanically.

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History:
The architecture of this period can be considered as a collection of all past Iranian architecture. At that time, Iranian literature revived and Ferdowsi left the Shahnameh for Iranians, one of the most prominent literary works of Iran. In this period, the architecture was accompanied by the Persian Nogiz, the glory and grandeur of Khorasani’s party. .

The work began in the northern part of Iran, but in the city of Ray. And the best buildings in the city were built, though they were lost by Mahmoud Ghaznavi after looting the city. This method has begun since the time of the Ziyaran, and is followed at times ( al-Bawi, Seljuk, Atabakan, Khwarazmshahian ). The explanation of this point is that, at the end of Khorasani’s style, we have buildings that are mostly in a mysterious manner (the construction of the tomb of Amir Ismail Samani, Mazar Arsalan Jazeb, Minaret Ayaz ), despite the time-sharing with the Khorasanites, is the first building on the Razi method. Mohammad Karim Pirnia in the paper “Iranian Architecture Stylistics” (1347) attributed the architectural styles to their hometowns and referred to the “Razi style”. Architecture in the course used the past architecture specification in new applications. In this period, we encounter the abundance of architectural forms in which pre-Islamic architectures have been modeled and built. In fact, with the formation of the Samanid regime in the east of the Arab Empire, the first semi-independent Iranian government was formed. The long and relatively long government of this government triggered a movement that has been rightly named by many scholars as the renewal of the Islamic scholarship of Iran in the Islamic period. Which began in the fourteenth century with the Samanid government and passed through with the Kharazmshahi government.

Historians and sociologists have noted the cause of such a movement that began four centuries earlier in China and began four centuries after its decline in Europe under Renaissance :

The collapse of the system of cuts and the replacement of Islamic worldview rather than inheritance and social division of labor, social status and relations arising from them
The blending of different civilizations, Greek and Egyptian on the one hand, and the Indian and the Iranian, on the other hand, boils in a mixture of local cultures from Balkh to Andalusia, as a source of raw material in the Islamic worldview and Islamic civilization, and civilization and An art that, in a special case, especially in Iran, causes a renewal of scientific, literary and artistic courtyards, and refers to ancient traditions and behaviors.
The invention of paper in China and its achievement in the first century AD to Samarkand, which led to the development and replication of theories.
Possibility of free-thinking of different ideas with each other, especially in the second century AH, and theories that were in all respects despite ideological conflicts.
It might be said that during this period, it was in the air to restore Iran to the Sassanid powers that tried to use the architecture that was in place at that time in the form of geometric shapes and constructions to express power and survival And ultimately endeavored to create lasting and unsurpassed forms of value .

In the architecture of this period, practically, with regard to the above, we encounter a variety of buildings. In this period, like in the pre-Islamic periods, the school entered the architecture as a separate building, and the four ivory buildings were also rebuilt and the Tha’inat was restored to the monuments . Donald Wilber considers the Seljuk architecture (Razi style) derived from the Sassanian architecture, especially in the shape and proportions of the domes.

Example:
You can see the architectural achievements of this course as follows :

The emergence of buildings with different functions such as schools, parks and…
Using the four-footed design in buildings
The use of the four-section arches, the plan, the Colnbo Arch and the Quadruple Arch
The construction of the dome in different ways such as dome rack and discrete nari and the invention of a double dome and a dome with a tomb
Reuse of high quality materials in buildings
Applying bricks in two layers of glaze and glaze
The invention of the method of knitting with brick and tile
Using bricks with broken and straight lines
Applying all kinds of plaster in buildings
1 Exfoliating Low Chocolate
2 Embossed gypsum with more grip
3 Exfoliate stucco with more bristles without rubbing the corners
4 Crack with a lot of bumps

What is certain is that the Razi era can be considered a renaissance for the old Iran, which unfortunately, with the Mongol invasion of this country, most of the works of this period were destroyed. [ Need resource ]

Donald Wilber considers the Seljuk architecture as the primary form of “Ilkhani style” ( Azeri or Mongolian style), which Mohammad Karim Pirnia called “Azeri style”. The Azeri style can be adapted to the Islamic architecture of Iran during the period of the Ilkhanids (Mongol). Pirnya writes that, after the Holocaust was established in 657 AH / 1259 AD in Maragheh, Iranian architecture progressed and, following the political, social and economic changes in the society, the “Razi style” also changed and Azeri style was born.

Several important buildings of Razi style in Maragheh
The supreme dome of Abarkuh (448 AH) is the most well-kept monument left in the Seljuk period.

The Red Dome of Maragheh: 527 to 564 AH has a high status in Iran’s architecture [it’s four-sided and it’s so-called].

The cylindrical tower in Maragheh: (563 AH) is a cylinder of simple bricks and is located next to the tent of the tent. It has a beautiful design.

Maragheh bay dome: (593 AH) The oldest vestibule in Maragheh, which is incorrectly considered to be the Holocaust’s grave, and maybe many years before the Mongol invasion. The tower has ten shackles and specially crafted skills.

The tiles are very tufted, like the jeweled, among the tufts. Since the tile ratio is low, it is very beautiful.

Source From Wikipedia

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