Roses is a town in the region of the Alt Emporda which occupies the southern half of the peninsula of Cap de Creus. It is centered on the village of the same name, located in the center of the Bay of Roses and at the northern end of the Gulf of Roses. It is a tourist center with housing developments, hotels and other facilities, two ports (fishing and sports) and an attractive and important place in the northern sector of the Costa Brava.
Roses is a town of Mediterranean essence and a marked tourist and seafaring tradition. It is located in a unique natural environment: north of the Costa Brava, less than 30 km from the French border, 65 km from Girona and 160 km from Barcelona. The gateway to the Cap de Creus Natural Park, its origins date back to the 8th century BC, with the arrival of the Rhodes and the founding of the Greek city of Rhodes.
The climate, which is characterized by the frequent action of the north wind, is alleviated by the sea. The coast of the municipality of Roses includes a long sandy beach, on the seafront of the town (between the Port Nou and the Riu Grau canal); and, further east, a good number of coves, including those of the Canyelles Petites, the Almadrava (or the Canyelles Grosses), Murtra, Rustella, Montjoi, Pelosa, and Jóncols. Also noteworthy are the geographical features of Punta Falconera and the imposing Cape Norfeu, an integral reserve of the Cap de Creus Natural Park.
The Historical heritage have become the hallmarks of a modern, culturally active and generous town, the result of coexistence with other peoples and civilizations, a town full of charms and new sensations to discover, where you can enjoy nature, culture, dolce far niente and traditions. it is a privilege within everyone’s reach. If we manage to make Roses seduce you by the sunsets that are contemplated there, by the affable and hospitable disposition of the people, by the historical legacy, by the tourist, sport and gastronomic offer, by the professionalism in the services that it offers and by the infinite possibilities of leisure and recreation, we will have achieved our goal.
Roses is a town with a long tradition in the tourism sector. This fact is reflected in the quality and variety of its accommodation, which adapts to the needs and preferences of all visitors: hotels of all categories, family pensions, shaded campsites, a wide and varied offer of tourist apartments and the holiday center of Cala Montjoi.
Although tourism offers the main source of income of the Rosinca economy, the primary sector is also present, with agriculture (cultivation of olive trees and vineyards), although reduced and declining; and, above all, fishing, as Roses has the most outstanding fishing port on the north coast of Catalonia.
History
The first traces of human settlements in the municipality of Rosas are in the mountains that surround the current urban nucleus. In the so-called Cau de las Guilles archaeological remains from the Upper Palaeolithic or Magdalenian have been found, which are the oldest finds found in the municipal term.
In the place known as “burned house” there are three dolmens, the so-called Cruz de Cobertella, Cama de la General and Cabeza del Hombre dating from about 3,000 years before our era from the Neolithic period. Next to them are several menhirs and cists, all of them funerary monuments that attest to the existence of a human settlement in the place.
Greek period
In the year 333 a. C. a series of families from the Greek city of Masalia (Marseille) settle in San Pedro de Roda. Later the settlement moves to the flat part of the territory and receives the name of Rhodes, whose remains are found in the parade ground of the current citadel. The colony became of great commercial importance. Proof of this is the minting of coins that was carried out here. These coins had a rose on one side, and on the reverse the head of the nymph Arethusa with the legend “rodeton”.
Roman times
In the year 216 a. C. reaches a Roman military expedition to the command of Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus. The expedition consisted of seventy ships with 1,800 horses and 36,000 infantry and established a camp in the area, near the Hellenic settlement.
In 195 a. C. 25 galleys under the command of Marco Porcio Catón, Cato the Elder, landed in Ampurdán, which faces the army of Carthage that obtained the support of the non-Roman inhabitants of the place. The confrontation is known as the Battle of Rhode and was won by the Romans who, with an army of 17,500 combatants, caused, according to history, some 40,000 casualties to the enemy.
The Roman military settlement became an important commercial city, becoming one of the five largest towns in the Empordà district.
There was a magnificent square with a statue of a Rosense knight. In this square the temple of the goddess Minerva was located. According to a plan by Claudius Ptolemy, in the mountains was the temple of Venus. Rosas obtained the title of municipality during the second half of the 1st century AD. C., which constitutes a sign of its splendor at that time.
The ceramic industry developed in the area. There were also agricultural villages in the countryside, which were self-sufficient and produced wine, oil and cereals, and had cows, pigs and flocks of sheep. In addition, the salting of fish was developed in the city.
Middle Ages
Between the years 650 and 700 of our era, the population left the plain and settled on a nearby elevation, creating the town of Puig Rom, the Visigothic castrum. This settlement is fortified and constitutes one of the most important Visigothic fortifications.
The plan of the urban plot was oval and the town was protected by a wall made of large granite blocks with a single access door, facing south with square towers on the sides.
For a short period of time it was occupied by the Arabs and later passed to the Kingdom of Aragon, at which time the Monastery of Santa María de Rosas was founded on the plain, next to which an urban plot was created.
Roses in the 16th century
The town took on importance as a commercial center, given the favorable conditions of the bay, also becoming a military objective to defend from Saracen and French pirates, which led to the construction of the citadel of Rosas and the Castle of the Trinity, 16th century fortification ordered by King Carlos I, in 1552, being besieged, modified, reformed and fixed on successive occasions (1645 – 1659, 1794 – 1795), until the Napoleonic invasion (War of Independence, 1808- 1814), at the end of which the French army rendered the citadel unusable for military purposes.
The economic and strategic importance that it had achieved explains why the town was fortified, in 1402, to protect itself from pirate attacks by sea and French invasions by land, always constant in its history. The first of these invasions was the crusade against the Crown of Aragon in 1285. The French army occupied the town and began to invade the Empordà until reaching Gerona later. The invaders were later defeated by Roger de Lauria. This occupied Rosas after being burned by the French.
After the Guerra dels Segadors, in which the population had been destroyed, the urban area was rebuilt outside the fortification walls, leaving this space for military use.
Contemporary
From the seventeenth century, a suburb was created around the walled enclosure that after the siege of 1645 and the destruction of the medieval town, located within it, took on relevance and grew. At the end of the 18th century there was already an important settlement with its own identity separated from the military jurisdiction that prevailed in the walled space. The nucleus consisted of some 300 houses, or fires. The remains of the old medieval town go to serve the nearby monastery of Santa María. In 1796, at the initiative of the rector Jaime Dilma, who had taken office in 1790, a new parish church was built in the urban nucleus, which maintains the name of “Santa María”, and the cult was transferred to it.
The new church was the center of the subsequent urban development of the town made with one-storey dwellings and one floor that make up the network of streets around the temple.
In February 1813, in the midst of the War of Independence, or of the French, the Napoleonic army definitively disabled the defenses of Rosas by blowing up part of the citadel, the Trinity castle and the Norfeu tower (advanced surveillance point).
In the course of the 19th century, the urbanization of the first line of the sea took place with modernist and neoclassical buildings that are the testimony of the prosperity of Rosas during the 19th and 20th centuries.
During the Civil War, Roses suffered bombardments and anti-aircraft shelters were built: that of La Paz, in the Plaza General Prim (which is preserved intact), and that of La Ciutadella (ruins of the same are preserved as it was scrapped after the war). Between 1939 and 1948, by order of Franco, a series of bunkers for coastal batteries were built at Falconera point to defend the bay from a possible invasion.
In the 1960s, the tourist booming took place, which became one of the main engines of the economy. Tourism development changes the urban fabric and makes it grow along the entire coast, with modern buildings for hotel use. Large apartment buildings and hotels emerge and a wide promenade is created that runs along the entire coastline. An urban development based on channels is also carried out in the part of Santa Margarita that allows pleasure boats to access the residential buildings.
Tourism
Villa of Mediterranean essence and a marked tourist and seafaring tradition. It is located in an environment of unparalleled landscape and natural wealth in the north of the Costa Brava. The wonderful natural, geographical and climatic conditions of Roses and its bay have favored human settlements from prehistory to the present day, through Greek colonization, Roman settlements and the medieval population, which have left their step an extraordinary archaeological wealth. As a natural port, Roses has an important fishing fleet that supplies the town with fresh fish and seafood on a daily basis. Both the departure and arrival of the boats is a spectacle. The cuisine of Roses, straddling tradition and creativity, is eminently based on fresh fish. From the traditional dish such as fish suquet to the most brilliant invention of Ferran Adrià.
Roses offers a coast of contrasts, with cliffs and secluded coves of clear waters, beaches of fine sand of an intense blue and shallow waters ideal for families and for the practice of water sports. For lovers of hiking and nature, Roses offers six perfectly signposted and accessible routes, integrated into a unique natural environment, the result of the perfect combination of sea and mountain. Located between two natural parks and the Mediterranean, Roses offers the ideal setting for all kinds of sports: hiking, mountain biking, paragliding and water sports, such as sailing, rowing, diving, fishing, surfing…. Fun guaranteed for young and old in the water park, karting, mini golf, tourist train, sea cruises, playgrounds… Spas and thalassotherapy are the best options to relax the body and leave behind the accumulated tension.
Roses has an important offer of hotels, campsites and apartments with all the necessary services to promote a pleasant stay. Gatherings, habaneras, classical music concerts, jazz, blues, fireworks and the famous Carnival of Roses show the warmth of a cozy town.
Historical heritage
Historic Center
Stroll down the streets of the center around the church. They are narrow, irregular, parallel to the sea, full of restaurants and shops where you can entertain yourself and enjoy the Mediterranean atmosphere of Roses. If you decide to enter the church of Santa Maria you will find the old temple, which was consecrated in 1796, of which the apse, the transept and the dome are preserved. The rest of the nave, the side chapels and the façade are neoclassical, from 1853, the work of the architect Martí Sureda i Deulovol. In Plaça de Catalunya you will find examples of modernist architecture such as the Casa Mallol, the current headquarters of the City Council.
Between Trinitat and Escorxador streets we find Plaça de la Pau, a space dedicated to the historical memory of the Spanish Civil War. In 2006, the complete remodeling of the space was inaugurated with a sculptural group by the artist Ció Abellí, which reflects on the irrationality of war and the value of life. In the square there is an anti-aircraft shelter built in the years 1937-1938 that follows the general rules and technical guidelines drafted by the Passive Defense Board of Catalonia of the republican government.
Parish Church Santa María
Parish Church of Santa María de Rosas. It is a neoclassical style building that began to be built on June 29, 1792. In 1796 it was consecrated and in 1852 the works were finished, although between 1853 and 1864 new works were carried out in which the naves of the floor were built. higher. The temple is made up of three naves with a transept and a polygonal head. It replaced the church of the Monastery of Santa María de Rosas, which until then had served as a parish church.
During the 20th century, reforms were carried out between 1959 and 1963, ending in that year the vaults of the naves. In 1996 the façade and the floor were modified, eliminating the stairs between the naves and the apse.
The furniture is current as the originals were destroyed during the Civil War. The high altar, the work of Pelai Martínez Marés is dedicated to Mary Assumpta, whose height is the work of Josep Spelled, was inaugurated in 1953.
Megalithic Heritage
The megalithic monuments are a sign that the history of the settlement in this place dates back thousands of years. What was the life of these first settlers and the history of the study of dolmens and menhirs are the focus of this itinerary, which covers the oldest remains of the municipality.
Megalithic complex of Rosas, crossed by a wide natural area that allows to see dolmens and numerous menhirs, on the road to Cala Montjoi. To travel back in time: going up the Montjoi road, inside the Cap de Creus Natural Park we find the remains of the first known inhabitants of Roses. It is a set of megalithic monuments formed by different dolmens, menhirs, cists and sculptures, among which stands out for its size the dolmen of the Creu d’en Cobertella, one of the largest prehistoric monuments in Catalonia, built with seven immense blocks of stone placed vertically and a roof slab of more than eighteen tons. The different monuments are visited following a signposted route of little difficulty through the mountains. Discover the secrets in the guided tours.
Visigothic Castrum
One of the unique places of Roses, hidden and little known are the remains of the Visigothic Castrum. It is a fortified town of high medieval population built on top of a strategic hill overlooking the old town of Rhode-Roses, the bay and access to the port, but remains hidden from view from the sea by the Puig Rom. The castrum is located on one of the peaks of the Puig Rom mountain, which crowns the city of Rosas. It was discovered in 1946 by the works of Lluís Pericot, Francesc Riuró, Miquel Oliva and Pere de Palol with the help of the General Captaincy of Catalonia. It is a fortified hill with two quadrangular towers that are located on the sides of the access door to the complex. The wall is structured by two walls between which a fill of earth and small stones were introduced. Taking into account the dating of the objects found in the excavation, it is considered that life in the castrum lasted from the second half of the 7th century to the first quarter of the 8th century.
Lighthouse
At the tip of La Poncella, indicating the entrance to the port and located on a rocky base of exceptional geological interest, you will find the Roses lighthouse, built in 1864 and in neoclassical style. It was electrified in 1921 with a 500 watt incandescent lamp. Take it as a reference if you want to start taking the circular path that skirts the coast.
Santa Rosa de Puig Rom
Santa Rosa de Puig Rom viewpoint, at an altitude of 225 m, magnificent view of the entire gulf, the Empordà plain, the marshes (aiguamolls) and the Medes Islands in the background.
Punta Falconera
Punta Falconera, a natural site with military remains, bunkers for the defense of the coast, at the gateway to the Gulf of Roses.
Military heritage
Roses Citadel
Roses Citadel, remains of the seventeenth century fortification that enclosed the original town, together with remains of the Greek and Roman citadels, and medieval remains, currently houses an interesting interpretation museum. Inside the enclosure are the remains of Rhodos, or Rhodas, already named by Strabo in one of his chronicles. Also the Roman settlement of Roda and the emergence of the medieval town of Rosas next to the monastery of Santa María. Currently, the complex is made up of a cultural space with a temporary exhibition hall, a history and archeology museum and a scenic space and is managed in coordination with the Castillo de la Trinidad.
A walk around the Ciutadella site is recommend for those visiting Roses. Declared a historic-artistic complex in 1961, the Citadel brings together vestiges of different occupations from the last thirteen centuries. The military fortification, with its monumental sea gate, is a 131,480 m2 Renaissance-style enclosure built in 1543. A guided tour of the Citadel is a master class in history concentrated in a single space of seventeen hectares where you can enjoy a complete itinerary, well informed and signposted.
Its interior is an important archaeological site where you will find: the remains of the Hellenistic quarter of the Greek colony of Rhode, which lived the moments of maximum prosperity of the city during the fourth and third centuries BC; the Roman villa, dated between the 2nd century BC and the 6th century AD.; the Paleo-Christian necropolis.; different buildings from the Visigothic period.; the Lombard Romanesque monastery of Santa Maria, from the 11th century, and remains of the medieval fortified town.; remains of different military buildings from the last occupation of the 16th century.; the Museum that facilitates an immersion in the history and cultural heritage of Roses, from prehistory to the most recent period; the Exhibition Hall.
Trinity Castle
Visit the castle of La Trinitat which crowns the tip of La Poncella above the lighthouse of Roses. See spectacular views of one of the most beautiful bays in the world. Castillo de la Trinidad or de la Poncella, also called “el botó de Roses”, fortification from the 16th century. Magnificent example of a coastal fortress. It was built in the middle of the 16th century, next to the citadel, for the defense of the port of Rosas and its bay, constituting, together with the citadel, one of the important defensive and supply elements of the Mediterranean and European strategy of the Spanish Empire in the modern age. It is shaped like a five-pointed star, with sharp angular edges to defend against enemy projectiles. Its dimensions are quite considerable and its walls are more than two meters thick. It had three terraces for batteries of cannons, shells or mortars at different heights to defend the port and the coast. His garrison was a maximum of two hundred men. The whole complex is an extraordinary example of a coastal artillery fortress.
Carlos V ordered it to be built, being General Captain of Artillery Luis Pizaño who was in charge of its design and construction. It is made on a triangular floor plan with three levels facing the sea in the shape of an amphitheater. In February 1814, during the War of Independence it was destroyed by blasting by the French army. In 2002 their recovery and value as a monument and cultural space, and after eight years of reconstruction it decides reopened in 2010.
Soplalaraña Castle
Soplalaraña Castle documented since the 10th century. It is a fortification located on a small conical hill between milestones 5 and 6 of the current road from Rosas to Cadaqués, in the area known as Serrat de Can Berta.
Anti-aircraft shelters
During the Civil War, several anti-aircraft shelters were built in Roses to protect the civilian population from factional attacks by the Francoist navy and the fascist Italian air force. The only refuge that can be visited within the town center is the so-called Plaça de la Pau Refuge.
To make the trench, the natural unevenness of the terrain between these streets was taken advantage of. In the past, the refuge had three entrances: the main one is located under the stairs that lead to the Pujada de l’Escorxador, in Plaça de la Pau. Another access is on the corner of Carrer Josep Sabaté and Carrer del Capità Ariza and the third was at the end of the Pujada de l’Escorxador, before reaching Carrer Girona. In addition, on the floor on the corner of Carrer Girona with Josep Sabater there was a respirator.
The Plaça de la Pau refuge, formerly known as the Escorxador, was located in 2002 as a result of some urbanization works carried out in the area. The good state of conservation of its corridors and the municipal interest in its enhancement, led to work on its consolidation and recovery, works that culminated in January 2007 with the inauguration of the new space and the adjacent square, which became known as Plaça de la Pau in memory of the existing refuge in its basement and the sculptural ensemble of the artist Ció Abellí installed on its walls.
Gastronomy
Roses cuisine is characterized by its variety of products, typically Mediterranean. It is a traditional cuisine in the elaboration but select in the products, since it has like main base the fresh fish of the bay of Roses.
The cuisine of Roses, straddling tradition and creativity, is eminently based on fresh fish. As a natural port, Roses has an important fishing fleet that supplies the town with fresh fish and seafood on a daily basis. Both the departure and arrival of the boats is a spectacle. The traditional and most representative dish is the Suquet de Peix de Roses, which you can taste all year round in different restaurants in the town.
The cuisine of Roses has achieved international fame thanks to the great creations of Ferran Adrià, chef of the restaurant El Bulli, considered for years the best restaurant in the world, currently in the process of conversion.
Both traditional cuisine and prestigious modern cuisine are dominated by the Mediterranean character of this territory: fresh fish, olive oil, excellent garden products, honey, anchovies and excellent quality meat. These products make up a varied, healthy and delicious diet.
Don’t forget to accompany your meals with the wines made by the region’s wineries, under the Empordà Designation of Origin: young wines, fruity rosés, whites with wood, blend aging, cavas and the emblematic Grenache. You will find them in many of the restaurants in Roses, but we also suggest you take a wine route through the cooperatives and wineries in the region that will surely surprise you.
Shopping
Municipal market – An authentic place, where you can stock up on fresh products every day (meats, sausages, vegetables, fish, preserves, bread, flowers,…) Fishing port – The access to the fishing port is a series of fishmongers where they sell the fresh fish that arrives every day at the port with more catches of the Costa Brava. Prawns, anchovies, monkfish, hake, scorpions, mussels,….. all ready and of the highest quality for the most demanding palates. Sunday Market – Gossip, shuffle and buy items of all kinds on Sunday mornings throughout the year. The perfect excuse to take a walk. Urban center – Stroll through Roses and discover the shops where you can buy local and local products such as wines, oils, preserves, biscuits, handicrafts, as well as perfumes, clothing, footwear, accessories…
Festivals
Fiesta Mayor:
It is in honor of the Virgen del Carmen, on July 16, and classical music, habaneras, sardanas and giants are always present; there is a procession of boats and they end with fireworks that illuminate the bay.
Carnivals:
One of the most important and famous festivals on the Costa Brava. It lasts for five days with different activities, although the main one is the float parades on Carnival Friday and Sunday through Rhode Avenue, in which the most original costumes prepared for the occasion are exhibited. They are celebrated on a variable date between February and March. More than 6,000 people and 70 floats participated in the 2008 carnivals.
Natural space
Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park
The Aiguamolls de l’Empordà Natural Park (created by Law 21/1983, of 28 October, on the protection of the Empordà wetlands) was declared a protected area after an intense and long defense campaign started in 1976., intended to prevent the area from being urbanized. The Park itself is made up of three main areas: the Estanys Reserve: With large expanses of reedbeds, balconies and floodplains; the Tin Reserve: With coastal lagoons, brackish meadows and dunes; the reserve of the island of Caramany: Located in the middle of the Fluvià and where a large number of birds nest.
The flora of this protected area is mostly associated with semi-flooded or flooded areas and in this sense it is worth noting the presence of plants typical of these environments, such as salicornias (Athrocnemum, marine soil), blur (Ammophila arenaria), in the sands located on the seafront and the yellow lily (Iris pseudacorus). Finally, it is not necessary to leave aside the rich representation of fauna that can be found in the area, and it is necessary to emphasize the presence of the otter (Lutra lutra) and the stork (Ciconia ciconia), some species that were reintroduced successfully. a few years ago, and the spiny (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and the fartet (Aphanius iberus), two fish very characteristic of these waters and endemic to the area.
Cap de Creus Natural Park
The Cap de Creus peninsula is one of the most protected natural parks (established in 1998 with Law 4/1998, of 12 March, on the protection of Cap de Creus) in Catalonia, with a total area of 13,844 ha, divided into 3,064 marine and 10,780 terrestrial, which gives it the distinctive feature of being the first maritime-terrestrial natural park in Catalonia. Inside the Park, there are two integral terrestrial reserves, which show the safeguarding of the most precious values: the tip of Cap de Creus (with the mythical lighthouse of Cap de Creus, where the film The Light at the Edge of the World (1971) – “The Light of the End of the World”, by Kevin Billington), and Cape Norfeu, a place of exceptional geological and biological singularity, where even remnants of volcanic activity about 10 million years ago. In terms of the marine environment, three areas of enormous underwater richness are protected: Cap Gros, the tip of Cap de Creus (where the northern part of the island of S’Encalladora is fully protected) and the to Norpheus.
The spectacular geological outcrops are one of the most significant features of the Natural Park, with its complicated and beautiful shapes that often spark the imagination of the visitor, who sees in its place images of real animals or mythical beings (lion, dragon, camel, eagle, cat, rat…), although it is the wind and the sea, and not the Gods, who with their incessant activity, started thousands of years ago, have been shaping the geological landscape of Cap de Creus until current moment.
For nature lovers, the territory of Cap de Creus has a great floristic diversity, starring endemic species such as the sessile ferreny (Sesell aleatum subsp. Farrenyii) or the lemon (Limonium geronense), although we must not forget the presence of the tree milkweed (Euphorbia dendroides) or the nun’s pillow (Astragalus massiliensis) or attractive underwater species such as the Posidonia (Posidonia oceanica). As for the fauna, the large number of fauna species cannot be overlooked due to their high importance, such as the kingfisher (Hyla meridionalis), the feathered cormorant (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and the blackbird (Epinephelus guaza).
The beaches and coves
Roses offers a coast full of contrasts, with cliffs and secluded coves of clear waters, and fine sandy beaches, with deep blue and shallow waters, ideal for families and for sports. nautical. The coves are included in the Cap de Creus Natural Park. This allows visitors to enjoy natural coves where native vegetation is present until it touches the sea, with wild landscapes and clear waters. Ideal for scuba diving. On the other hand, the promenade, beaches and coves of Roses are certified with an Environmental Management System, which guarantees the fact of having beaches with very good quality, both in terms of bathing water, as in the sand and the services offered.
Leisure activities
Fun is guaranteed for the whole family with a variety of activities: driving a go-kart, enjoying a day at the water park, playing mini golf, sailing with boats that go on excursions to Cap de Creus or the Medes Islands or strolling Tourist train are just some of the possibilities offered by Roses to spend leisure time. In the vicinity of Roses, horse riding, skydiving, golf or, of course, getting to know the area from a balloon are possibilities available to everyone. For those who want to get away from so much activity and give the body a break, they can enjoy jacuzzis, saunas, steam baths, all kinds of massages and the pleasures of thalassotherapy.
Aquatic activities
Located between two natural parks and the Mediterranean, Roses offers the ideal setting to enjoy nature through the practice of all kinds of water sports, which will allow you to discover a coast of contrasts, with cliffs, collected coves of ‘transparent waters and shallow sandy beaches of shallow waters, ideal for the recreation of families.
Surrounding
The Alt Empordà region, located in the most north-eastern sector of Catalonia, is one of the oldest and most important Catalan historical districts. It broadly corresponds to the ancient county of Empúries which adopted the name of the Greek colony of Emporion (Roman Emporiae) meaning market, historically recognized as a trade area.
The Alt Empordà is basically an alluvial plain formed by the Muga and the Fluvià that flow into the Gulf of Roses. It is bounded on the north by the Sierra de l’Albera and on the south by the Montgrí massif. The climate is Mediterranean and the average annual temperature in Figueres is 14.9ºC. The winds of garbí or marinada, typical of summer, and the tramuntana, coming from the north, are characteristic of the region.