Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kinki Region, Japan

Nishikyo Ward is one of the 11 wards that make up Kyoto City. Nishikyo Ward west of the Katsura River and Otokuni District (including Muko City and Nagaokakyo City) are also called Nishiyama. It is one of the newest wards in Kyoto City, which was born at the same time as Yamashina Ward.

It is located on the right bank of the Katsura River, southwest of downtown Kyoto. It borders Ukyo Ward, Minami Ward, Muko City, Kyoto Prefecture, Nagaokakyo City, Kyoto Prefecture, Shimamoto Town, Osaka Prefecture, Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, and Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. Area 59.20 square kilometers. The estimated population as of March 2009 is approximately 153,000.

Arashiyama, which is famous as a tourist destination, Matsuo district where Matsuo Taisha Shrine is located, Katsura district where Katsura Imperial Villa is located, and Oharano district where Shojiji Temple (flower temple) and Oharano Shrine are located belong to this district. There are many other famous shrines such as Saiho-ji, which is known as Moss Temple, and Yoshimine-dera, which is located in Saigoku Kannon. Rakusai New Town is also located in this area. The westernmost Tonohata and Izuriha districts are in contact with Osaka Prefecture.

This ward was originally a part of Ukyo Ward, and was established in 1976 by dividing the area on the right bank of the Katsura River. The area from the northern part to the eastern part of the ward is the area of ​​Matsuo Village, Katsura Village, and Kawaoka Village in the former Kadono District, which was incorporated into Ukyo Ward at that time in 1931. From the southern part to the western part of the ward are the original Oeda village in Otokuni district and Oharano village in the same county. The former was incorporated into Ukyo Ward in 1950 and the latter in 1959.

History
Since ancient times, the Hata clan, a migrant clan, has lived in areas including the current Nishikyo Ward and Ukyo Ward. It is said that Mr. Hata’s temple-like existence is Koryuji Temple in Ukyo Ward, and the ritual was held at Matsuo Taisha Shrine. In the Yamada district of Nishikyo Ward, the tomb of the eastern family of Hata no Kawakatsu’s grandson stands to watch over the city of Kyoto. There is a theory that Mr. Hata was doing hydraulic engineering work on the Katsura River around the 5th century, but it is said that floods frequently occurred along the Katsura River coast in Nishikyo Ward.

Katsura, Kawaoka, and Matsuo villages were separated from Kadono county, and Oharano village and Oeda village were separated from Otokuni county.

During the Heian period, a female merchant named Katsura went on a peddler in Rakuchu. It is said that there was a Shuten-doji demon on the branch on the border with Tamba, and there is a legend that it was subdued by Minamoto no Yorimitsu. Other historical temples and shrines in the area include Fujiwara’s enshrined shrine, Kasuga Shrine (Oharano Shrine), Yoshimine-dera Temple, Kashihara Abandoned Temple Ruins, and Saiho-ji Temple.

During the Muromachi period, when the administration was centered in Kyoto, during the time of Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, a “servant public” was formed centered on the Nishigaoka people as an army under the direct control of the shogun. They played an active part in battles set in urban areas such as the Meitoku Ran and the Onin War, and participated in the Muromachi politics by attacking Masahiro Ouchi at the direction of Katsumoto Hosokawa in the Onin War.

During the Edo period, the Sanin Kaido was laid across the current Saikyo area, and Katsura, Kashihara, and Oeda along the road prospered as post towns. In addition, Prince Hachijo Tomohito, the first King of Hachijogu (Katsuramiya), built a Katsura villa on the side of the Sanin Kaido (later Katsura Imperial Villa). Katsura also became the departure and arrival point for Hozugawa Water Transport.

Districts
Nishikyo Ward, which is located in the southwestern part of Kyoto City and plays the role of the western gateway to Kyoto, was born in October 1976, separated from Ukyo Ward with the Katsura River as the boundary line. The Katsura River, which is a representative river of Kyoto, flows slowly in the eastern part of the ward, and has the Nishiyama mountain range such as Arashiyama and Oshioyama in the west. It is an administrative district rich in water, greenery, and nature. The east side of the area is Ukyo Ward and the south. It borders Kameoka City and Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture on the west side, and Muko City, Nagaokakyo City, and Shimamoto Town, Mishima County, Osaka Prefecture on the south side.

During this time, a system to support various activities of the inhabitants of the ward, such as welfare facilities such as Rakusai Fureai no Sato, Nishi Bunka Kaikan Westy, which is a base for culture and sports, and Katsuragawa Regional Gymnasium, has been established, and lively town development is being promoted. , Hankyu Rakusaiguchi Station and JR Katsuragawa Station in the adjacent Minami Ward have been opened, National Highway No. 9 Kyoto West Multi-level Crossing Project, and Kyoto No. 2 Outer Ring Road have been improved. Currently, the Hankyu Rakusaiguchi-Katsura Station project, which makes effective use of the space under the overpass near Hankyu Rakusaiguchi Station, and the renovation work of the Zenmine River and Shinkawa are underway.

In addition, the Rohm Memorial Hall, which will serve as a base for further promoting industry-academia collaboration in research on nanotechnology and biotechnology, opened on the Katsura Campus of Kyoto University in May 2005, and the Kyoto University Katsura Venture Plaza was also established. The “Katsura Innovation Park Concept” was promoted with the aim of promoting the commercialization of cutting-edge research, supporting entrepreneurs, and becoming a place for industry-academia joint research.

On the other hand, urban suburban agriculture centered on vegetable production is flourishing, and in addition to the nationally famous bamboo shoots and persimmons, the yield of eggplant is also the highest in the city. In Oharano, a flower complex is built and flower seedlings are produced.

Historic sites
There are many historic temples and shrines such as Horinji Temple in Arashiyama, Matsuo Taisha Shrine, Kagenji Temple (Suzumushi Temple), Saihoji Temple (Moss Temple), Shojiji Temple (Hanaji Temple) at the foot of Nishiyama Mountain, Oharano Shrine, and Zenmine Temple. .. In addition, along the Katsura River, there is the Katsura Imperial Villa built in the early Edo period, and along the old Sanin Kaido, the historic cityscape designated as the “Nishikyo Kashihara Kaiwai Landscape Improvement District” spreads out.

Katsura Imperial Villa
Katsura Imperial Villa is an imperial facility located in Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. It consists of a group of buildings and a garden that was founded as a villa of the imperial family Hachijogu in the 17th century during the Edo period. The total area is about 69,000 square meters including the attached land, of which the garden area is about 58,000 square meters. The detached palace means a palace established separately from the Imperial Palace, but it was called “Katsura Imperial Villa” after it became under the jurisdiction of the Imperial Household Ministry in 1883, and before that, “Katsura Betsugyo” etc. Was called. It retains the gardens and buildings that were originally built in the early Edo period, and conveys the essence of the imperial court culture of that time. The strolling garden is considered to be a masterpiece of Japanese gardens.

In addition, among the buildings, the Shoin has adopted the Sukiya style based on the Shoin-zukuri style. There is a teahouse in the garden. Currently, it is managed by the Kyoto Office of the Imperial Household Agency. It hasn’t been hit by a fire since it was built, and it almost completely conveys its original appearance to this day. In 1964, we purchased 7,000 square meters of farmland and are making every effort to preserve the scenery. Katsura Imperial Villa is located in the former Shimokei Village on the west bank of the Katsura River, in the western suburbs of Kyoto City. This was a transportation hub where the Katsura River and the former San-in Expressway (Tamba Highway) intersected. At the intersection of the river and the road, there used to be “Katsura no Watari”, and now the Katsura Ohashi Bridge is built.

The land of Katsura has long been known as a villa for aristocrats, and during the Heian period, the villa of Fujiwara no Michinaga (at that time, called “separate business”) was run by Katsura-den. In addition, Hikaru Genji’s “Katsuraden” that appears in “The Tale of Genji” and “Matsukaze” is set to have been here. Reizei Emperor, who appears in the story, sings the song, “If the village of the river where the moon lives, the shadow of Katsura will be ridiculous.” This place was also known as a famous spot for viewing the moon. There is a Tsukiyomi Shrine in Matsumuro, Nishikyo-ku, near the Katsura Imperial Villa, and it is said that the place name of Katsura comes from the Chinese word “laurel”. Katsura Imperial Villa in such a place has the meaning of a device for viewing the moon. At the same time, it has a function as a place for various entertainments and events such as boating in the pond, tea parties in the teahouses scattered in the garden, and banquets, so it was not just a garden for appreciation.

Katsura Imperial Villa is known as the oldest strolling garden, and the garden and the building are united to form a Japanese beauty. Foreign architects such as Bruno Taut and Walter Gropius also praised Katsura Imperial Villa as an architecture and garden that expressed beauty and deep spirituality in simplicity. There is a tradition that the gardener is Kobori Enshu for a long time, but it is hard to think that Enshu himself directly distributed the garden. Names such as Sakyo Nakanuma, Enshu’s brother-in-law, and Tamabuchibo, a subordinate of Enshu, are mentioned as people who may have actually been involved in the gardening.

Bruno Taut, a German architect who came to Japan in 1933, praised the simple beauty of Katsura Imperial Villa and is known for raising its name recognition internationally. Taut visited Katsura Imperial Villa in May 1934 and May 1934, and wrote his impressions at that time. Taut, who admired the garden from the bamboo rim (Tsukimidai) that juts out from the wide rim of Koshoin, said, “The beauty that is unfolding here is the beauty that is incomprehensible, that is, the beauty of great art. When I come in contact with a work of art, tears naturally overflow into my eyes “.

Saihoji Temple
Saiho-ji is a Buddhist temple of the Rinzai sect located in Matsuo, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. It used to be the outer tower of Tenryuji Temple, but now it is a stand-alone temple. The garden is covered with about 120 kinds of moss and is known as the moss temple. The mountain number is called Hongkakusan. The principal image is Amida Nyorai, Kaisan is Gyoki, and Chuko Kaisan is Muso Soseki. It is registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as “Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto”. According to folklore, there was a villa of Prince Shotoku, the prince of the 31st Emperor of Japan, in the Asuka period, where the statue of Amida Nyorai was enshrined.

It is reported that Gyoki, who received the request of the 45th Emperor Shomu, changed from a villa to a temple in the Nara period. Initially, it was called “Saiho-ji” in the Hosso sect temple, and Amida Nyorai was the principal image, and Kannon Bosatsu and Seiji Bosatsu were the side samurai. It was one of the 49 Kinai hospitals. It is said that in 806, in the early Heian period, the 51st Emperor Heizei, Prince Shinnō Hosshinno, tied up Soan and practiced. In addition, Kukai, the founder of the Shingon sect, entered the mountain and held a life-saving party at Koganeike. During the Kamakura period, Master Nakahara of Settsu Mamoru (the ancestor of Mr. Settsu) revived and was divided into Saihoji and Pure Land temples. It is said that he was converted to the Jodo sect by the invited Honen, and the principal image was made into gold paint. After that, Shinran built a foolish hall and stayed at the temple. Hojo Tokiyori, who was the fifth authority of the Kamakura Shogunate, built Sakurado, but the temple was devastated again during the Kenmu era.

Matsuo Taisha Shrine
Matsuo Taisha Shrine is a shrine located in Arashiyama Miyamachi, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. Shikinaisha (Meishin Taisha), one of the 22 companies (the top seven companies). The old shrine was a large shrine, and now it is a separate shrine of the Association of Shinto Shrines. Settled at the western end of Shijo-dori in the western part of the Kyoto basin. Originally, it is said that it started with a ritual in Banza, which remains on Mt. Matsuo (elevation 223 meters), and it is said that the shrine was established by the solicitation of Emperor Monmu’s decree in the first year of Taiho (701). Will be. After that, it was enshrined as a deity by Mr. Hata, and after the transfer of capital to Heiankyo, it was named along with the eastern Kamo Shrine (Kamobetsurai Shrine, Kamo Goso Shrine) as “the god of the east, the fierce spirit of the west”, and the royal castle in the west. It was positioned as a guardian shrine. Since the Middle Ages, it has been worshiped as a god of sake, and even today it is a shrine that is worshiped by brewers.

The precincts are located at the foot of Mt. Matsuo, the Shintai. The main shrine was built during the Muromachi period, and is a two-way structure that is rare in Japan and is designated as a national important cultural property. It is also known to have many god statues, and a total of 3 statues of 2 male gods and 1 goddess are designated as national important cultural properties, and 16 others are designated as tangible cultural properties designated by Kyoto Prefecture. In addition, it is also known that the priest is a turtle.

Kegonji Temple
Suzumushi Temple is a temple of the Rinzai sect located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. The mountain number is Myotokusan. The principal image is Dainichi Nyorai. It is commonly known as “Suzumushi Temple” because it breeds bell worms throughout the four seasons. A garden that collects various types of bamboo, “Happiness Jizo” that wears straw sandals and fulfills only one wish, hospitality of tea confectionery to worshipers by monks and Suzumushi preaching are famous, and temples in Kyoto city Among them, it is also known as a successful example of developing a particularly aggressive measure to attract visitors.

It was founded by Fengtan in the 8th year of Kyoho (1723). Fengtan is known as a scholar and founded the temple with the aim of rebuilding the Huayan sect. In the 4th year of Keio (1868), Keigo entered the temple and was changed to the Rinzai sect. The location of the temple is the former site of Saifukuji Temple. Saifuku-ji was built at the end of the Heian period by Noburou, a descendant of Minamoto no Yoshiie, and even today, a small shrine called “Tanigado” remains as the historic site of Saifuku-ji to the east of Kagonji. ..

Horinji Temple
Horinji is a Buddhist temple located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City. The mountain number is Mt. Chifuku. The sect belongs to the Shingon Buddhist Gochi sect. Located on the hillside of the scenic Arashiyama. The principal image of the Kokuzo Bosatsu is known as “Saga no Kokuzo-san” and is called “Japan’s Three Great Kokuzo-san” along with Enzoji Temple in Yanaizu, Oshu, and Kongoshoji Temple in Asamagatake, Ise. Will be done. In the olden days, its name was seen in “Konjaku Monogatari Shu”, “The Pillow Book”, “The Tale of the Heike”, etc., and it gained faith as a guardian deity born in the year of the ox and the year of the tiger. It is also famous as a temple for thirteen pilgrimages, needle memorial services, and lacquer ancestors. In addition, Dendengu, a guardian shrine that protects electricity and radio waves, is enshrined in the precincts.

According to the temple, Gyoki was built in the 6th year of Wado (713) as Kuzui-ji Temple, which prays for national peace, fertility of five grains, and prosperity of industry at the request of Empress Genmei. After that, in the 6th year of Tencho (829), Dosho, a disciple of Kukai, enshrined the statue of the Bodhisattva Kokuzo, and in the 10th year of Jōgan (868), the temple name was called Horinji. It was damaged by the Onin War during the Muromachi period, and was rebuilt by Emperor Goyosei in the Edo period, but it was damaged again by the Kinmon Incident at the end of the Edo period and the first year of the Genji era (1864).

Shojiji Temple
Shoji-ji is a temple of the Tendai sect located in Oharano Minamikasuga-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. The mountain number is Koshioyama. The principal image is Yakushi Nyorai. Known as the Temple of Flowers. Saigoku Yakushi 49 Sacred Ground No. 42 Fudasho. Shoji-ji Temple is located in Oharano, a suburb of southwestern Kyoto, and is adjacent to Oharano Shrine. It was Betsutoji Temple of Oharano Shrine. Oharano Shrine enshrines the spirit of Kasuga Shrine in Nara (currently Kasuga Taisha, the deity of Mr. Fujiwara) when the capital was relocated to Nagaokakyo in the 3rd year of the calendar (784).

Shoji-ji has long been known as a famous place for cherry blossoms and is known as a temple related to Saigyo, but its construction is not very clear. In the temple, it is said that En no Gyōja was founded during the Hakuho era (672-686). After that, Saicho was revived in the 10th year of the Enryaku calendar (791) and was called Koshioyama Oharaji Temple, and was revived by Senkan during the Ninju period (851-854). It was burnt down by the Onin War and rebuilt during the Tensho era (1573 – 1592). During the Edo period, he was devoted to Keishōin.

Jizo-in
Jizo-in is a stand-alone temple of the Rinzai sect in Yamadakitano-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. The mountain number is Kinugasayama, which is derived from Kinugasa (Fujiwara) Ieyoshi. The principal image is Jizo Bodhisattva. It is known as a bamboo temple because it is surrounded by bamboo grove. This place was originally run by the poet Fujiwara no Ieyoshi, who was said to be the Minister of Kinugasa, and the temple was built in 1368 (the first year of Oan) by Yoriyuki Hosokawa, a warlord who served as the governor of the Muromachi Shogunate. It was built by buying and donating land. Yoriyuki Hosokawa devoted himself to Zhou Aotan (Zenshi Sokyo) and left home. The actual opening of the temple is Shuu Aotan, but Aotan uses Muso Soseki, his brother, as a solicited opening.

During the Nanboku-cho period, it became a temple and the temple luck prospered, but the temple luck was weakened by the burning of the cathedral due to the Onin War. Until the Edo period, there were only two Sueji temples left in the precincts, but in 1686 (Jokyo 3rd year) Hojo was reconstructed and the view of the temple was improved. It belonged to Tenryuji Temple in the Edo period. Originally belonging to the Rinzai sect, it became an independent temple in 1968 (Showa 43). It is said that Ikkyu Sojun spent time with his mother at this temple until he left home at the age of six, and in 2017, the “Ikkyu Zen Master Mother and Child Statue” was erected in the precincts.

Jojuji Temple
Jojuji is a temple of the Obaku sect in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City. The mountain number is Mt. Hamuro. The principal image is Nyoirin Kannon. Kyoto Rakusai Kannon Sacred Ground No. 30 Fudasho. Since it was revived by Tetsugyu Zen Master, it has been the second largest temple in the Obaku sect after Motoyama. The design was made with the main mountain, Manpukuji, in mind, such as the temple, which is symmetrical and has a corridor, and the Hojo Garden. Therefore, it is the leading temple of the Nagamatsu school (Manpukuji Tatchu Nagamatsuin) whose ancestor is Tetsugyu Zen Master. It was completely closed until recent years, but since the project sponsored by the Seijo Culture Research Department on April 25, 2015, the chances of it being made public have increased.

According to the temple, it was built in 810 (5th year of Daido, 1st year of Konin) as the Emperor Saga’s Chokugan-ji Temple, and Ennin (Jikaku Daishi) was the founder of the mountain. At that time, it was called Jyojuji Temple. In 1261 (the first year of Kocho), Sir Hamuro Sadatsugu was promoted and changed to Jōjuji Temple. Zhongxing Kaisan is the eison of Nara Saidaiji Temple. It prospered as a family temple of the Hamuro family. It was completely destroyed by the war of the Rokuhara Tandai Army and the Emperor Go-Daigo Army led by Chigusa Tadaaki in April 1333 (Shokyo 2). It was devastated by the Onin War from 1467 (first year of Onin) to 1477 (9th year of civilization), and was completely destroyed by fire in 1567 (10th year of Eiroku).

In 1687 (Jokyo 4th year), the foundation of Yoritaka Hamuro, the priest Tetsugyu Doki of the Obaku sect, was revived as the Kaisan of Chuko, and became a temple of the Obaku sect. There is also a theory that it was revived by Takashige Hamuro in 1689 (Genroku 2). In 1697 (Genroku 10), the current main hall and Kotobuki tower were rebuilt. Hojo was donated by Date Tsunamura and is a relic of a childhood. In the Meiji era, it was temporarily absent and declined, but it was reconstructed.

Yoshimine-dera
Yoshimine-dera is the main temple of the Yoshimine Kannon sect (Tendai sect) in Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. The mountain number is Nishiyama. The principal image is the Eleven-faced Senju Kanzeon Bosatsu. Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage No. 20. It is a famous place for cherry blossoms and autumn leaves, and you can overlook the city of Kyoto and Mt. Hiei from various parts of the precincts. According to the “Yoshimine-dera Engi Emaki” (Edo period), which is handed down to the temple, Genshin, a disciple of Genshin, founded his own Senju Kannon statue as the principal image in the second year of Chogen (1029). After that, in the 7th year of Chogen (1034), it was designated as a chokugan-ji by Emperor Go-Ichijo and was given the temple name of “Ryomine-dera”.

In the 3rd year of longevity (1042), the Senju Kannon statue by Hitoshi Hoshi, which was at Rakuto Washio Temple at the behest of Emperor Go-Suzaku, was moved to this temple and made into a new principal image. In addition, Emperor Shirakawa has donated the main hall, Amidado, Yakushido, Jizo-do, three-storied pagoda, bell tower, Nioumon, and seven guardian shrines. In the early Kamakura period, in the 3rd year of Kenkyu (1192), Jien lived there, and the temple name was changed to Yoshimine-dera by receiving the temple amount handwritten by Emperor Go-Toba. It is called “Nishiyama Monzeki” because many Hosshinnos entered the mountain from Seiren-in, and the number of monks was 52 during the Muromachi period. However, most of the cathedral was burned down by the Onin War. Since the Edo period, Keishoin, the birth mother of Tsunayoshi Tokugawa, the fifth shogun of the Edo Shogunate, has become a great man, and the existing Kannon-do, Bell Tower, Goma-do, Yakushi-do, Keido, Chinjusha, etc. have been rebuilt and reconstructed. ..

Oharano Shrine
Oharano Shrine is a shrine located in Oharano, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. One of the 22 companies (7 of them). The old shrine was a shrine shrine, and now it is a separate shrine of the Association of Shinto Shrines. It was solicited by Kasuga Shrine in Nara (currently Kasuga Taisha Shrine), and is also known as “Kyo Kasuga Kasuga”. Along with Kasuga Shrine and Yoshida Shrine in Kyoto, it is one of the “three shrines of Mr. Fujiwara”.

Settled in the Oharano area at the foot of Mt. Koshio, one of the peaks of the Nishiyama Mountains, on the western edge of the Kyoto Basin. An old shrine with a long history before Heiankyo, when Emperor Kanmu moved to Nagaokakyo in the 3rd year of Enryaku (784), Empress Fujiwara no Otomuro solicited the spirit of Nara Kasugasha, the god of Fujiwara. , It begins even though it was enshrined in the Oharano, where he often hunted hawks. There are various theories about the first enshrined place, and Irino Shrine (Oharano Uebacho) listed in the Enki-shiki Shinto shrine is considered to be the most promising. In the 3rd year of Kashō (850), Emperor Montoku, whose grandfather was Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, built a shrine at the current location. Since the 3rd year of Jōgan (861), the empress has been worshiped again, and Emperor Enyu and Emperor Ichijo have been visited frequently. He received special reverence not only from Mr. Fujiwara but also from the imperial court, and was 22 in the Heian period. Lined up at the company.

The shrine territory was reduced due to the war at the end of the Muromachi period, and the ritual was aborted after the Onin War, but it was reconstructed from the time of Emperor Mizuo after the Edo period, and the government festival was reconstructed until the first year of Keio at the end of the Edo period. Was listed in the shrine. When a girl was born in Mr. Fujiwara’s house, it was customary to pray to our company so that the child could become the empress / Chugū, and when the prayer was followed, we would arrange a line and visit our company. In 18th year of Jōgan (876), when Takako Fujiwara (after Nijo), who became the maiden of Emperor Seiwa, visited our company, Ariwara no Narihira, a former lover of Takako, was the lieutenant general of Konoefu. Following Yukiyuki, he wrote, “Ohara and Kosio no Yamamokefu are hard to think of the gods.”

Shohoji Temple
Shoboji is a temple of the Shingon sect Toji school in Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. The mountain number is Hojusan. The principal image is Senju Kannon. Saigoku Yakushi 49 Sacred Ground No. 41 Fudasho. This temple is said to have started in 754 (Tenpyo Shoho 6th year) when Chiui Daitoku, who came to Japan from Tang, trained, and then Saicho built the temple in this area during the Enryaku era (782-806). It is said that Kukai entered the temple during the Konin period (810-824). During the Keicho era (1596-1615), the Buddhist priest Shitoru was revived, and he was born in Oharano and was devoted to Keishoin, the birth mother of Tsunayoshi Tokugawa, the fifth shogun of the Edo Shogunate.

Kashihara abandoned temple ruins
The ruins of the Kashihara Abandoned Temple are the ruins of an ancient temple located in Kashihara, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. It is designated as a national historic site. It is located at the eastern foot of the Nagaoka Hills in the southwestern part of Kyoto City. It was erected in the middle of the 7th century (late Asuka period) and is thought to have been abolished in the middle of the Heian period. The name of the temple was not known, so it was named after the place. Today, the area around the restored octagonal tower (base) is a historic park.

In 1967 (Showa 42), it was discovered along with the construction of municipal housing and an archaeological survey was carried out. At this time, the cornerstone of granite was found and the existence of the remains of an octagonal tower (a tower of octagonal tiled base) was confirmed. The ruins of the central gate with a platform were detected on the south side of the octagonal tower, and the corridors on the south side (left and right of the central gate) and the traces of Tsukiji on the east and west sides were also confirmed.

From the detection status of the remains and the current topography, it is estimated that the layout was similar to that of Shitennoji, where the central gate, tower, main hall, and auditorium are lined up in a straight line. An octagonal tower, which is extremely well preserved and rarely found in Japan, was detected and was designated as a historic site on March 1, 1971 (Showa 46) as an important temple site in the history of architecture. At that time, the base of the octagonal tower was restored, and the surrounding area was maintained and preserved as a historic park.

Furthermore, in 1997 (Heisei 9), an excavation survey was carried out in the north of the designated area along with the development of private residential land, and the corridor traces and three excavated pillar buildings that demarcate the northern side of the temple area were detected, and subsequently carried out. In the confirmation survey conducted, the foundation of the building was detected on the north side of the tower. The northern part of the temple area and a part of the cathedral, which had not been clarified so far, became clear, and the area including these areas was additionally designated as a historic site.

Jizoji Temple
Jizoji is a temple of the Jodo sect located in Katsurakasuga-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto. The mountain number is Kuonji. The principal image is Jizo Bodhisattva. It is one of the temples around Kyoto Rokujizo. It is said that it was founded by Taira no Kiyomori in 1157 (2nd year of Hogen).

Emperor’s Forest Tomb
The Emperor’s Forest Tumulus is an old burial mound located in Goryotsukanokoshi-cho, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. The shape is a keyhole-shaped tumulus. It is designated as a national historic site (of the historic site “Otokuni Kofungun”). It is an old burial mound built at the foot of the mountain on the right bank of the Katsura River on the western edge of the Kyoto Basin. It has been handed down as the tomb of Emperor Montoku (the 55th emperor of the Heian period) since the Middle Ages, and it is said that the ancient tomb name “Emperor’s Forest” and the surrounding place name “Goryo” are derived from it. To date, the mound has been well preserved, and excavations have been carried out in 1988-1989 (Showa 63-1989).

The mound is a keyhole-shaped tumulus with a mirror-shaped front that does not widen at the front, with the front facing south-southeast. The mound is built in two steps. The length of the mound measures about 83 meters, which is one of the largest in Kyoto city. Fukiishi and haniwa rows (cylindrical haniwa and morning glory-shaped haniwa) have been detected on the surface of the mound. There is no moat around the mound, but a moat-like trillion area is recognized. The burial facility of the main body is not clear because it has not been investigated. The Emperor’s Forest Tomb is estimated to have been built around the end of the 4th century at the beginning of the middle of the Kofun period. The burial person is not clear, but archaeologically it is considered to be the influential person who ruled the right bank of the Katsura River. The tumulus area was designated as a national historic site in 1922 (Taisho 11), and is now being maintained and opened as a historic park.

Natural space

Arashiyama
Arashiyama is a tourist destination in Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. It is designated as a national historic site and scenic spot. Originally, the place name refers to Nishikyo Ward (the right bank of the Katsura River), and the left bank is Saga, Ukyo Ward, but in tourist information, etc., the entire area around Togetsukyo, including the Saga area, is collectively referred to as Arashiyama. Since there are many, here we will deal with Arashiyama as the entire area around Togetsukyo. Arashiyama is a famous place for cherry blossoms and autumn leaves.

It has been selected as one of Japan’s Top 100 Cherry Blossom Spots and Japan’s Top 100 Cherry Blossom Spots. Located in the west of the city of Kyoto, it has been a representative tourist destination of Kyoto since it became a villa for aristocrats during the Heian period. The Togetsukyo Bridge over the Katsura River, which runs through the center of Arashiyama, is a symbol of Arashiyama. The name changes from the upstream to the Oigawa River and the downstream to the Katsura River across the Togetsukyo Bridge. On the north side of the JR San-in Line, there is a tourist spot called Sagano.

Originally, the main tourist attraction was the scenery of temples and shrines and autumn leaves. In the 1980s, the number of talent shops increased rapidly, mainly on the north side of Togetsukyo Bridge, and while it was crowded with young tourists such as school excursion students, there were criticisms that the atmosphere would be destroyed. After the burst of the bubble economy, these talent shops have decreased, and now they are almost nonexistent. Since the 1990s, small museums have been opened one after another, and a hot spring was excavated in 2004 (Arashiyama Onsen).

Many inns and shops were damaged by a large-scale flood on September 16, 2013, but restoration was promoted in time for the autumn leaves season, and most of the facilities were restored by early October. It resumed. During the tourist season, traffic jams are heavy and road traffic is paralyzed, so passenger car restrictions and park-and-ride experiments were conducted in which cheap or free parking lots were set up in the suburbs and carried by bus from there.

Forestry is thriving in the Hozu River basin, upstream of the Oigawa River, and the river was once used to transport felled timber to the city of Kyoto. Arashiyama is the end point, and now you can experience the “Hozu River descent” that goes down the same course on a pleasure boat from Kameoka City.

Mt. Ponpon
Mt. Ponpon is a mountain with an altitude of 678.7m located on the border between Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Takatsuki City, Osaka Prefecture, and is the highest peak in Nishikyo Ward and Takatsuki City. The second triangulation station on the summit is located in Nishikyo Ward. It used to be called Mt. Kamo. It belongs to the Hokusetsu Mountains. The Tokai Nature Trail passes by the summit, and there are many climbers / hikers throughout the year.

Also, at the time of the first sunrise on January 1, there are many climbers who are about to reach the sunrise at the summit. The top of the mountain has benches and tables, making it suitable for breaks, but due to the growth of trees, the outlook has almost disappeared. The mountain trails are the road from Kabusanji and Honzanji in Takatsuki City on the south side of the Tokai Nature Trail, the road from Zenmineji in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City on the north side, the road from Izuriha in Takatsuki City, and Mishima District, Osaka Prefecture. There is a road that passes from Osawa in Shimamoto Town to the summit of Mt. Shakadake.

Koshioyama
Koshioyama is a mountain located in Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture. It is a mountain located in the Nishiyama Mountains to the west of Kyoto City. At the eastern foot of the mountain is Shoji-ji Temple (Hana-no-Temple), Oharano Shrine, and Rakusai New Town, from which you can clearly see the mountain scenery. You can also see this mountain in the west from Kiyomizu-dera Temple and a place with a good view of central Kyoto.

The Kyoto Prefectural Road No. 141 Oshioyama Oharano Line, which is a paved road, runs from the foot of the mountain to the summit. In the past, general vehicles were also allowed to pass, but now general vehicles are prohibited (passable on foot).

The summit is said to be the place where the ashes of Emperor Junna were scattered, and there is the Oharano Nishimine Kamiryo (Emperor Junna Mausoleum). In addition, a transmission station for FM stations in Kyoto is located near the summit, and emits radio waves over a wide area in the southern part of the prefecture. In addition, there are wireless relay stations such as NTT, Kansai Electric Power, Osaka Gas, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, fire department, police, and amateur radio, and many relay antennas are built.

Katsura River
The Katsura River is a first-class water system of the Yodo River system that flows through Kyoto Prefecture. Departs from Sasari Pass, which is located on the border between Hirokawara, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Sasari, Miyama-cho, Nantan City. It flows southward in Hirokawara, Sakyo-ku and Hanaseofuse in Sakyo-ku, but the flow changes significantly to the west in the southern part of Hanaseofuse. It crosses the Keihoku district of Ukyo-ku, Kyoto City from east to west, passes through the Seiki Dam in Amawaka, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan City, and the Hiyoshi Dam in Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan City, and then flows south to the Kameoka Basin. It runs through the central part of Kameoka City, flows southeast through Hozu Gorge, goes out to the Kyoto Basin at Arashiyama, joins the Kamo River at Fushimi Ward, and joins the Kizu River and Uji River at the border with Osaka Prefecture to form the Yodo River.

As a general rule, “Katsura River” in the basin of Keihoku district in Ukyo-ku, Kyoto city, “Katsura river” in Sonobe district in Nantan city, “Oigawa river” in Yagi district in Nantan city to Kameoka city, Hozu town contract in Kameoka city The name from the rice field to Arashiyama in Kyoto City was changed to “Hozugawa”, and the confluence from Arashiyama is called “Katsura River” again. These are customary, and the old River Act was promulgated in April 1896 (Meiji 29), and since the enforcement in June of the same year, the administrative notation has been unified to “Katsura River”. Even in the survey results of the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, the notation of “Katsura River” is unified in all basins, and no other name is used.

Obata River
The Obata River is a first-class river in the Yodo River system that flows through Kyoto Prefecture. Departs from Oeyama’s Oenosaka Pass, which is located on the border between Nishikyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture and Kameoka City, Kyoto Prefecture. It flows southwestward on the southwestern edge of the Kyoto Basin, mainly in the Rakusai and Otokuni areas, and flows to the right bank of the Katsura River in Oyamazaki-cho, Otokuni-gun, Kyoto Prefecture, near the Mikawa confluence.