Mülheim district, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Mülheim is a city district (Stadtbezirk) of Cologne in Germany and a formerly independent town (Mülheim am Rhein). Mülheim is located on the right bank of the Rhine opposite the old town of Cologne.

Mülheim is the 9th district of Cologne. It includes the districts of Buchforst, Buchheim, Dellbrück, Dünnwald, Flittard, Höhenhaus, Holweide, Mülheim and Stammheim. Mülheim district is the most populous district of Cologne. The district is ethnically diverse, with a significant Turkish population.

The district borders Leverkusen to the north, Bergisch Gladbach to the east, the Cologne districts of Kalk and Innenstadt to the south. The river Rhine lies west of Mülheim, on the other riverbank lies the Cologne borough of Nippes. The city district borders in the north on Leverkusen, in the east on Bergisch Gladbach and in the south on the districts of Kalk and Innenstadt. In the west, the Rhine marks the border with the Nippes district.

The district of Mülheim is located in the north of Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine. Mülheim was named after the mills on the lower reaches of the Strundenerbach in pre-industrial times. In 1914 Mülheim was incorporated into Cologne. It had previously received city rights in 1785.

Cologne district located long Rhine frontage, a proud trading tradition, industrial location and arena for art and culture. There is little old building stock in the formerly baroque old town, it presents itself in the simple garb of the post-war period. Nevertheless, Mülheim is rich in old buildings and monuments – starting with the Mülheimer Bridge over the many churches and towers to great industrial monuments. Extensive industrial areas are currently being prepared for new residential developments. Some halls and factories have been converted into places for art, culture and new businesses, especially on Schanzenstrasse, where the Kölner Schauspiel is provisionally located. This is where the urban hipster workforce meets between urban gardening projects, art exhibitions and media addresses.

The residential areas are right on the Rhine, where a lot has been developing for some time, starting from the port. Chic, flood-proof apartment blocks with a view of the Rhine are springing up like mushrooms. On the other hand, closed old building areas have been preserved around the former industrial areas, for example on Berliner Straße. Many migrants, mainly Turks, live here and partly in the settlements in the north and south of Mülheim. They have even created their own business center in Keupstrasse, where Germans also like to go out. Gentrification may also start here at some point due to the attractive building fabric. The demand for apartments in old buildings is now spread across Cologne, as prices on the left bank of the Rhine are slowly becoming unacceptable for many.

Overall, the people in Mülheim live, as mixed as they are, but without conflict with one another. That may be because the long working-class tradition has produced self-confident people who take their future into their own hands and help shape it – the many initiatives, citizens’ get-togethers, festivals and happenings are an expression of this. On the other hand, many guest workers settled here very early on, and people have lived next door to one another for many decades.

Mülheim has a very good supply of educational and health facilities. There are all kinds of secondary schools here several times and several hospitals at the same time. The retail sector is also well represented: Mülheim City with its weekly market and shopping arcades is located on Wiener Platz and along Frankfurter Straße. This is surrounded by parks and quiet residential streets, in which some stately villas and magnificent town houses from the Wilhelminian era have been preserved. Only the catering industry still needs impulses. So far, the more exciting restaurants have tended to be found on the edge of the district, especially in the media district.

The district is very conveniently located: Mülheim has a long-distance train station and a large traffic junction for local public transport, where several lines intersect. You can get to the left bank of the Rhine via the Mülheim bridge, but the motorway is not far either. The district is the ideal address for people who like it varied and also a little edgy. Even if a lot looks gray at first glance, at second glance you quickly fall for the charm of the right bank of the Rhine.

History
The place was first mentioned in 1098 and became a town in 1322; it belonged to the County of Berg. During the period when the city of Mülheim am Rhein was free of districts, two mayors managed the city. On the one hand, there was Friedrich Wilhelm Steinkopf, who held office from 1876 to 1908. Bernhard Clostermann was Lord Mayor from 1909 until it was incorporated into the city of Cologne in 1914.

Subdivisions
Mülheim consists of nine Stadtteile (city parts):On October 28, 1944, Royal Air Force bombers launched a heavy air raid on Cologne-Mülheim and other parts of Cologne. The Friedenskirche in Mülheim, the railway line between Mülheim and Köln-Kalk and much more were destroyed.

Buchforst district
Buchforst was, as the name suggests, an extensive forest area for many centuries, including beech forests. It was only populated in a few places. It was not until the 19th century that the area between Mülheim and Kalk increasingly became a settlement area.

Due to the many industrial companies that were located outside, apartments were urgently needed. Therefore, in 1926, the non-profit public limited company for housing (GAG) acquired the site, which at the time was called “Kalker Feld”. A completely free area of 180,000 square meters was developed. A planned town for large, less financially strong industrial workers was created in two construction phases:

The “Blaue Hof” is a four-storey building ensemble that is open to the south, and the “White City” is a row housing estate with five-storey apartment buildings.Only after the completion of these settlements in August 1932 was the “Kalker Feld” area renamed to Buchforst. The “Blue Courtyard”, the “White City” and the Catholic Church of St. Petrus Canisius, with their cubic components and their functional construction, have remained significant and unique parts of Cologne’s urban architecture to this day.

Sights

Catholic parish church
St. Petrus Canisius on the corner of Cusanusstrasse and Voltastrasse. The church was built in 1930/31 by the architects Wilhelm Riphahn and Carl Maria Grod as part of the White City. It is the only Bauhaus-style church in Cologne. The church was destroyed between 1942 and 1944. The reconstruction took place in 1948 by the architects Professor Dominikus Böhm and son Gottfried Böhm. The interior furnishings were designed by Maria Schwarz in the early 1990s.

Evangelical Resurrection Church in Kopernikusstrasse.
The church was built from 1965 to 1967 by Georg Rasch and Winfried Wolsky and on October 2, 1992, including two squares, the paving of which extends into the church building, was listed as a historical monument. The church is an internationally acclaimed and widely published example of church building in the 1960s. The church, which was abandoned in 2005, has been used as a meeting center since 2012.

Kalkberg, a mountain
with an impressive 360 degree panorama over all Cologne districts on the right bank of the Rhine

Buchheim district
Buchheim is older than Mülheim, today’s center of the city district. It is one of the oldest places in Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine and got its name from the local beech forest. The oldest part of the village was Herl Castle, an old Franconian feudal yard from the 9th century. The Buchheimer Hof formed the core of the village. The Herl house and the Herler Mühle still remember these origins today.

The former parish church of Saint Mauritius is first mentioned by name around 1160. For a long time it was the ecclesiastical center of today’s city district, which is probably due to the fact that the Buchheimer Hof was an ecclesiastical fief of the cathedral chapter. Buchheim benefited greatly from the influence of the cathedral coast. Today’s St. Mauritius Catholic Church is a neo-Gothic building from 1896.

From an economic point of view, the period of influence from the cathedral chapter was the heyday for Buchheim. Later, in the 19th century during the growing industrialization, the neighboring Mülheim Buchheim overtook the rank. This was largely due to the fact that, unlike Buchheim, Mülheim was directly on the Rhine. Mülheim’s industrial operations, however, spread to Buchheim.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Buchheim developed into a residential suburb for industrial workers and their families (for example on Wichheimer Straße). Buchheim has remained very original despite its central location in the Mülheim district and the extensive development. Many traditional clubs and festivals determine life in this district. The Buchheim fair is said to have a 500-year tradition. Allegedly the poet prince Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a guest there.

Sights

Herler Mill
The Herler Mühle is a former watermill in Cologne-Buchheim an der Strunde. A first potential reference to a mill in Herl contains a certificate from Konrad II, in which he gave the Deutz Abbey three men and all accessories, whereby “Chapel, serfs of both sexes, areas, buildings, developed and undeveloped lands, fields, fields, Pastures, meadows, forests, forests, hunts, bodies of water, watercourses, fisheries, mills, roads and impasses, exits, earned and sought-after income and all uses that could come from there in any way “are listed. However, this is a classic pertinence formula from which it cannot be concluded that everything that is listed actually existed.

Dellbrück district
Excavations show that people lived in what is now Dellbrück more than 8,000 years ago. A large burial ground and ovens, which suggest that iron was smelted early, testify to the prehistoric settlement. A chain of burial mounds on Pilzweg in northern Dellbrück was saved by integrating it into a garden that is now a listed building. In addition, a place of sacrifice and thing (court) of the Germanic tribes is suspected in the Mielenforst, at the location of the holy little house.

The Mielenforst estate is mentioned in a document in 1413 as a knight’s seat. The area belonged to the Duchy of Berg. The dukes used the vast fields and forests for their hunts. The farmers’ fields were regularly devastated, which led to some annoyance among them. The hunting tradition was over for the time being when the French moved in at the beginning of the 19th century. After Napoleon’s defeat, the area became part of the Kingdom of Prussia.

Dellbrück’s economic development began with the construction of the stream for the Strunderbach through the Franconians. At times, more than 50 mills were driven by this stream, the last until the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The monks of the Order of St. John in Herrenstrunden had a great influence in this context until the beginning of the 19th century. They owned various mills on the Upper and Lower Streams, for example the Hardtmühle. Above all, however, various manors were owned by the order. Among other things, this includes Haus Thurn (Thurner Hof), probably the oldest seat on the Strunderbach.

In 1914 Dellbrück, which had belonged to the mayor’s office in Merheim from 1905, was incorporated into Cologne. The rural place developed into a residential suburb and is today characterized by individual housing developments, in particular by part of the so-called fairytale settlement. The fairytale settlement extends to the districts of Holweide and Dellbrück. It was built in the 1920s and consists of 181 single-family houses. The houses and the surrounding area should be idyllic and wooded, just like in a fairy tale. This can still be seen today in the listed buildings and in fairytale street names.

Today’s Dellbrück emerged from four individual districts: Thurn, Strunden, Alt-Dellbrück and Hagedorn.

Sights

Thurner Hof
The Thurner Hof is a manor and former knight ‘s seat located in Cologne-Dellbrück, which consists of the manor house on the southeast corner, a four-winged courtyard and a corner tower (the “turret”) on the northwest corner. It has been owned by the City of Cologne since 1911. “Thurn” is an Old High German form of tower and refers to the original form of the castle in the form of a moth. The name was also carried over to the associated settlement, today part of Cologne-Dellbrück. The courtyard is surrounded to the east and south by a 7,200 m² garden area and is now used as the teaching garden of the VHS Cologneused and maintained by the Cologne VHS work group on a voluntary basis. The garden is open to all visitors. Every year on the 1st Sunday in May, the Thurner Hof is the venue for the Cologne Plant Exchange.

Good Mielenforst
Good Mielenforst is a farm and a former knight’s seat in Cologne district Dellbrück. Today, after extensive renovation, it is used as a condominium complex (“Hofgut Mielenforst”). Gut Mielenforst lies on the edge of the Königsforst, on the Eggerbach and not far from the mouse path.

Thielenbruch Tram Museum
The Thielenbruch Tram Museum depicts the history of rail-bound urban transport in Cologne. It is located in the Dellbrück district of Cologne and was opened in 1997. In a car hall from 1906 on the eastern outskirts of Cologne, the collection of vehicles of the Cologne transport company, which has gradually been built up since the 1960s / 1970s, is presented. With around two dozen tram vehicles, some of which are operational, it provides an overview of the development of this means of transport from horse-drawn trams to light rail vehicles. The association “Historische Straßenbahn Köln eV” runs the museum on a voluntary basis. The guest house in the museum is also located in the building complex.

Strunder mill
The Strunder Mühle was a watermill in Cologne-Dellbrück on the Strunde. The mill has changed its function time and again in its history. It was mentioned as a fulled cloth mill as early as 1380. It was recorded as Pleißmühle in Strundorf in 1605. In 1613 it worked as a color wood mill. And in 1773 it was called full mill, which is another word for a fulling mill. On the night of October 23-24, 1811, the French destroyed the mill. But in 1821 she was grinding again Lohe and tobacco. This ends the information on mill operation. As you can see in the photo, the water wheel was undershotstill present around 1900. The house is said not to have been inhabited for a long time. At an auction of the Strunden mill property, the architect Franz Sommer acquired the Strunden mill in 1968 and renovated it for residential purposes and for his office.

Thielenbruch and Thurner Wald nature reserve
The Thielenbruch and Thurner Wald nature reserve is a nature reserve in the Dellbrück district of Cologne. The nature reserve is located in the natural area of the Bergische Heideterrasse. It extends on the western edge of the Paffrather Kalkmulde between Mutzbach and Strunde. The 59.00 hectare area is located with the Thurner Forest between Bergisch Gladbacher Strasse, Duckterather Weg, Katharinenkammerweg, Heinrich-Strünker-Strasse and Waltherstrasse. It was designated as a nature reserve in 1969. The area is intersected by the S-line 11 (S11), a natural gas pipeline, a high-voltage line and the Paffrather road. To the north of the area are the three areas of theThielenbruch nature reserve.

Dellbrücker Heide nature reserve
The 39 hectare nature reserve Dellbrücker Heide (NSG identification K-011) is located in the north of Cologne ‘s Dellbrück district, not far from the Diepeschrath recreation area and the Höhenfelder See. It is part of the Bergische Heideterrasse. Despite its small area and its location in the immediate urban area, it has a remarkable biodiversity. This also includes nationwide endangered species such as the blue-winged wasteland insect, the sand lizard, the rust-banded butterfly and habitats such as silver grass corridors. In 2009, the city of Cologne recognized the special value of this species-rich area and designated the Dellbrücker Heide as a nature reserve.

Radio Museum Cologne
The Radio Museum Cologne in Cologne district of Dellbrück shows the historical development of broadcasting. In 1999 the funding company Radiomuseum Köln e. V. founded. It was decided to build a radio museum and make it accessible to the public. The aim was to use the exhibits to show how radio had its beginnings via local transmitters that could be received via detector radios with headphones. This was followed by radios that enabled reception with electron tubes. But initially they lacked a loudspeaker, so that you also needed headphones for listening.

Dünnwald district
The exact origin of the place name Dünnwald is not clear. There are two different interpretations: the place in the forest on the Dhünn or the place in the forest on the (Rhine) dune are the two possible interpretations. In the Middle Ages there was a monastery from the 12th century and the manor Haus Haan in Dünnwald from 1230. St. Nicholas with today’s Gut Klosterhof was built in the 12th century and is the oldest building in the district. It was a subsidiary of the Premonstratensian monastery located in Steinfeld in the Eifel.

In 1583, Dünnwald was plundered and burned down as part of the “Truchsessian War” led by Archbishop Gerhard Truchsess von Waldburg around the Archdiocese of Cologne. In 1628, during the Thirty Years’ War, Haus Haan was also burned down by imperial troops.

The industrialization of the 19th century also left its mark on Dünnwald. A spectacular event happened in 1869: just one year after it opened, an explosives factory exploded. 15 workers were killed. From 1878 the manufacturers Wöllner and Mannes produced “Berlin Blue”, a dark blue, non-toxic color pigment, as well as soda and salmiak.

The workers’ settlement that developed in the area still bears the name “Kunstfeld” after the “art products” made here. As early as 1880, what was then called the “North School” and today Berliner Straße was opened; the Leuchterstraße community elementary school (then called the “South School”) has existed since 1907.

At the turn of the century, many local associations were founded, such as today’s Dünnwalder Bürgererverein, the Pfarr-Cäcilienverein, the volunteer fire brigade, the Dünnwalder Gymnastics Club and the Sankt Sebastianus Schützenbruderschaft. In 1927 the Great Dünnwalder Carnival Society was added, which opened Cologne’s first carnival museum in Hoppeditz-Hüsje in 2002.

Sights

St. Nikolaus church
St. Nikolaus is a Roman Catholic parish church in Cologne-Dünnwald in North Rhine-Westphalia. It was originally built as a collegiate church of the Premonstratensian Sisters. In the course of the renovation between 1997 and 2007 and the selective opening of the church floor, remains of the foundations were discovered in the north aisle, which come from a previous building (thus from the time before 1100). They are documented in the church on a display board and should therefore be the oldest structural evidence in Dünnwald.

Am Hornpottweg nature reserve
The nature reserve “Am Hornpottweg” (also known as Hornpott-Kiesgrube ) is located on the northeastern edge of Cologne, near the city limits between Cologne-Dünnwald and Leverkusen-Schlebusch, at an altitude of about 55 meters above sea level. The approximately 27.6 hectare area, which includes the former gravel pit (17.8 hectares) and adjacent forest areas, has been a nature reserve since 1983 and represents one of the most valuable biotopes in the city limits of Cologne. It is part of the Bergische Heideterrasse.

Thin forest
The Dünnwalder forest is around 410 hectares large urban forest in the northeast of Cologne. It is part of the Bergische Heideterrasse. In addition to the Dünnwald district, over which it essentially extends, it also borders on Höhenhaus and Dellbrück. It extends into the urban areas of Bergisch Gladbach and Leverkusen. In Cologne, the Dünnwald forest is an important part of the green belt on the right bank of the Rhine, alongside the Königsforst.

Flittard district
Flittard is mentioned in a document as early as 989. “Flitherde” means something like “flowing earth”. This term goes back to the frequent floods and floods that plagued the old fishing village. Since the end of the 19th century, the annual floods have been a thing of the past: A dike was built that can withstand a Rhine level of up to 10 meters.

From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, fishing and agriculture were the most important industries. In addition to the old church tower of Sankt Hubertus, which dates back to the 12th century, the Bongartzhof from 1715 is one of the oldest buildings in the district.

In the period from 1833 to 1848, Flittard achieved supra-regional importance thanks to the telegraph station on Egonstrasse, which is still preserved today. It was part of the Berlin-Koblenz transmission line, which could be bridged within two hours if visibility was good. The rapidly growing Bayer paint factories built a small train to Cologne-Mülheim in 1898 in order to ensure the connection to the existing industrial plants and to enlarge the catchment area for the necessary workforce.

To this day, Flittard has retained its village character. In the metropolitan area of the neighboring districts and industrial sites, it looks like a green oasis. Large residential areas were built around the historic town center, especially to the east, in which mainly Bayer AG employees have found a home.

Sights

St. Hubertus church
St. Hubertus is a Roman Catholic church in Cologne-Flittard.In 989, the church in Flittard (Fliterthe), which had previously belonged to the Cologne Kunibertstift, was transferred to the St. Martin monastery by the Cologne bishop Everger. In the 12th century the still existing Romanesque tower of today’s church was built. The Romanesque nave was in 1897 by a neo-Romanesque construction as a three-aisled hall Season Tuff five Jochen semicircular apse replaced. The north aisle also has a small apse. The three-storey tower, also made of tuff on a square floor plan, is made of pilaster strips and rounded arches.

St. Pius X.
St. Pius X. is a Catholic parish church in the Cologne district of Flittard, which was built between 1959 and 1962 according to plans by Margot and Joachim Schürmann and consecrated in March 1961. The church is under the patronage of Pope Pius X, who was canonized a few years before it was built, and has been a listed building since 2001. The church hall is located within a four-sided walled “sacred area” on a poured-in area; its superstructure protrudes from it in the shape of a cuboid. Within the wall, the church itself is located on its northern narrow side, supplemented by other community buildings on the southern wall.

Japanese Garden
The Japanese Garden in the Flittard district of Cologne on the outskirts of Leverkusen is a park within the Carl Duisberg Park on the Chempark industrial site of Bayer AG. The Japanese garden was first laid out in 1912 next to the villa by Carl Duisberg, chairman of the supervisory and administrative board of the then IG Farbenindustrie AG in the Leverkusen city area. After a trip around the world in 1926, during which Duisberg also visited Japan, he was enthusiastic about the garden culture there and decided to expand the garden in the area where the Bayer skyscraper stood until 2012. The garden has been open to the public during the day since the 1950s.

Moth Kurtekotten
The Motte Kurtekotten is a high medieval tower hill castle (Motte) in the Cologne district of Flittard on the right bank of the Rhine in North Rhine-Westphalia. The wide moat with the castle hill has been preserved from the complex.

Flittarder Rheinaue
The approximately four kilometer long Flittarder Rheinaue is a floodplain in the Cologne district of Flittard and is located on the northern city limits of Cologne in the immediate vicinity of the Ford works, the Bayer works in Leverkusen and the large Cologne-Stammheim sewage treatment plant. Because of the numerous typical and natural floodplain elements and the unimpeded flood influence, a 180 hectare sliding slope area of the Rhine was classified as worthy of protection and has been designated as a nature reserve since 1991.

Holweide district
Holweide, whose name has developed from the names “Holler Weidt” or “Hohle Weide” drawn on old maps, also offers historical romance with old castles and former farms such as the Haus Isenburg manor.Originally the district consisted of the four localities Wichheim, Schweinheim, Schnellweide and Holweide, which belonged to the mayor’s office of Merheim. In 1910 the four localities were combined under the name Holweide. Just like the other districts of today’s Mülheim district, Holweide was incorporated into Cologne in 1914.

The year 1666 was anything but romantic when the plague raged in the old districts of Schweinheim and Wichheim. A total of seven people survived the epidemic. They then made a vow for a penitential procession from Merheim to Gut Iddelsfeld. This represents the origin of the annual Elijah procession that has been ecumenical since 1979.

In the last few decades the district has seen both a population increase and an increase in jobs. Holweide is an important location for the Cologne City Clinics with around 600 hospital beds. Several administrations of major companies such as Axa Insurance also have their headquarters here. As a result, the district remains attractive as a place to live, which has also been shown in the last decade in the form of large-scale new construction projects such as the Oberiddelsfeld housing estate.

But older housing estates can also be found, such as the fairytale settlement, which extends to the Dellbrücker and Holweider area. The 181 single-family houses, whose land should also be used for vegetables and cattle, were built in the 1920s under the motto “Live like a fairy tale”. It followed the ideals of the garden city movement with the kitchen gardens and the idea of self-sufficiency.

Sights

Catholic Church of St. Mary of the Assumption
The Catholic Church of the Assumption of Mary, Schnellweider Str. 4, was built between 1926 and 1927 according to plans by the architect Stephan Mattar (1875–1943) as a successor to an emergency church from the 19th century. The three-aisled basilica with transept, tower and two-storey porch on the entrance side shows clinker cladding and stone decorations on the façades. Stylistically, it can be assigned to late historicism, which, however, was combined with expressionist forms.

Catholic Church of St. Anno
The Catholic Church of St. Anno was built from 1974 to 1975 according to the plans of the architect Theo Scholten. From 2007 there were extensions and renovations to apartments for the elderly and is now a Catholic chapel with the St. Anno senior citizen center on Piccoloministr. 289

Fairytale settlement
The fairytale settlement is partly in the Holweider area (the other part is in Cologne-Dellbrück ). It was built between 1922 and 1929 as part of the city expansion on the right bank of the Rhine south of Bergisch Gladbacher Strasse. The architects were Manfred Faber (1879–1944, murdered in Auschwitz ) and Wilhelm Riphahn. The entire settlement consists of 181 single-family houses that were built on the former lands of the medieval Iddelsfeld manor and were intended to be rented by its tenants. The name can be found in names such as Siebenrabengasse or Drosselbartstraßeagain, but is also intended to express the residential reform idea of “living like in a fairy tale”. With the settlement ideals were of coming from England garden city movement implemented, the aim of which was to have for working families sufficient living space to create a garden in which to grow vegetables and keep families small animals. The houses in the fairytale settlement are almost without exception a listed building.

Höhenhaus district
Today’s part of the city was originally made up of two parts: Höhenhaus and Höhenfeld. Today only street names like “Höhenfelder Mauspfad” or the name of the recreational area on the Kalkweg “Höhenfelder See” remind of Höhenfeld.

According to the legend, the most loyal of all Cologne brownies is the “Grinkenschmied”. “Grinken” was the name given to the iron fittings on cart wheels. The same smith is said to have found his new home on the Emberg in Höhenhaus after the tailor’s wife caused the brownies from Cologne to be expelled. From there he could at least see the cathedral towers from afar. In return for the new home, the former Cologne Heinzelmännchen is said to have helped the Höhenhauser farming families with the harvest and forged their grinks. A bronze monument was placed on the legendary figure on Wupperplatz.

In the course of industrialization, Höhenhaus gained in importance as a location for company apartments for the Carlswerk von Felten & Guilleaume (Am Emberg). In addition, the Bergische Löwen Brewery (Gilden-Kölsch) had been located in Höhenhaus on Berliner Straße since 1891. After the First World War, it was merged with the Mülheimer Balsam Brewery.

In addition to the Felten & Guilleaume houses, other settlements emerged: flower settlement, river settlement or the Finnsiedlung, which was built in the 1940s using a uniform prefabricated construction method. It comprises more than 70 semi-detached houses. The wooden houses with the associated front and kitchen gardens as well as the green hedges that still exist in some cases embody a unique and special form of garden city settlement in the Rhineland.

Sights

Schönrath
Gut Schönrath is an estate in the Höhenhaus district of Cologne on the right bank of the Rhine, Am Flachsrosterweg 33. According to a much quoted but unproven statement, Schönrath (= beautiful clearing) is said to have been in the possession of a “Knight Sigwin” who is said to have donated the farm to the Cistercian Abbey of Altenberg near Odenthal in the 14th century to atone for a blood debt. According to Mosler and Huck, however, Schönrath was already owned by the abbey in 1210, which it remained until it was abolished in 1803 as part of secularization. At 773 acres, Schönrath was the largest of the farms belonging to it at that time, which is due to the previous consolidation through the purchase of neighboring ones (Buchheim, Mülheim, Espen and possibly also Merheim). As a result of the French Revolution, religious from the left bank of the Rhine temporarily found refuge on Schönrath.

Finnish settlement
The Finnensiedlung is a listed housing estate in Cologne-Höhenhaus in the immediate vicinity of the Dünnwald forest. The Cologne residential complex, designed entirely as a prefabricated wooden housing estate, was built in 1942 and comprises 158 wooden houses. The semi-detached houses with a basement were built on plots of around 400 m² in size. The buildings on the eaves are covered with a saddle roof and dormer window and originally did not have a bathroom inside, but only a laundry room in the basement. The wooden structure consists of dark stained wood, which, in conjunction with the white door and window openings, gave it a Scandinavian appearance. Especially since their sale, the residential buildings have been modernized in the sanitary facilities, windows and doors.

Höhenfelder See
The Höhenfelder See is an approximately 20 hectare quarry pond of a former gravel pit in the right bank of the Rhine in the North Rhine-Westphalian city of Cologne. It is named after the Höhenfeld district of the Höhenhaus district. The area around the lake is used intensively for local recreation. Bathing has been prohibited in the lake itself since its recultivation. Among other things, because of the pronounced temperature differences – the lake has both shallow and 15 m deep spots – swimming in it is life-threatening and prohibited. In 2007, the city of Cologne considered setting up the lake as an unsupervised swimming lake. However, this proposal was rejected by the Mülheim district council on February 18, 2008 with reference to its location in the nature reserve.

Mülheim district
The existence of Mülheim can be traced back to the 11th century. The independence of the place ended in 1914 with the incorporation of Mülheim into Cologne, which ultimately took place against the will of the Mülheim population on the intervention of the district president. Today Mülheim is the central part of the district. For the people of Mülheim, the incorporation also brought advantages. In the incorporation agreement, the construction of a permanent bridge over the Rhine was promised, which was also implemented under the leadership of Cologne’s Lord Mayor Konrad Adenauer.

From the end of the 19th century until well after the Second World War, Mülheim was an important industrial location. The Mülheim-based companies Andreae, Felten & Guilleaume / Carlswerk or Böcking were and are also known outside of the Rhineland.

Mülheim also has a lot to offer in the carnival area. For example, the triumvirate of the 2002 session came from Mülheim – three Cologne boys from “KG Müllemer Junge”. The Mülheim Tuesday train is one of the most important events in the district. The “Mülheimer Gottestracht”, the world’s largest ship procession, is also known beyond Cologne. It takes place every year on Corpus Christi and is the occasion for the Mülheim fair.

Stammheim district
The name of the district suggests that there was once a royal court – ancestral estate – there. Stammheim was first mentioned in a document in 959. At that time, Archbishop Bruno of Cologne donated his manor with all of the property to the Groß Sankt Martin monastery in Cologne.

The family of Knights von und zu Stammheim residing in Stammheim died out in the 17th century. In 1818 the Westphalian family von Fürstenberg-Neheim acquired the knight’s seat, expanded it and built a new castle. A palace park with a vantage point was laid out around an avenue of lime trees, from which the lord of the palace could observe the construction progress on Cologne Cathedral. For his services to the cathedral building, Franz Egon von Fürstenberg-Stammheim was named the first honorary citizen of the city of Cologne by the Cologne City Council in 1856. The last owner of the castle died in 1925 without heirs, so the city of Cologne bought the property in 1928. Unfortunately, Stammheim Castle was completely destroyed in a bomb attack in 1944.

After Bayer AG took over the site from the city of Cologne and removed the ruins of the former castle, something new was created in 1955: the Ulrich Haberland House, a Bayer AG retirement home, was built in the immediate vicinity. In addition, the palace gardens were restored. After numerous interim uses, the Ulrich Haberland House is unfortunately currently empty. The idyllic castle park with many foreign trees and a long park avenue still invites you to stroll and linger. The entrance to the castle park has been restored and the two stone lions guarding the park are shining in new splendor.

In the course of increasing industrialization in Mülheim and Kalk, the character of the Stammheim district changed. More and more residents found work in the new factories, especially at the Bayer paint factories. Today the municipal sewage treatment plant in Stammheim, the largest sewage treatment plant in Cologne, in which more than 80 percent of Cologne’s wastewater is treated, offers most of the jobs in the district.

Sights

St. Mary’s Birth
St. Mary’s Birth is a Roman Catholic parish and pilgrimage church in Cologne-Stammheim. The patron saint of the Archdiocese of Cologne, St. Mary, is venerated with the image of the joyful mother. The pilgrimage season is the feast of Ascension and the octave around September 8th.

Immanuel Church
The Immanuel Church is the church of the evangelical bridge building community Cologne-Flittard / Stammheim in Cologne-Stammheim. Your dedication was on March 3, 2013. The church building has architectural the possibility of various forms of events in the Church and the side rooms to perform. The church complex consists of the church, a bell tower and a small chapel.

Stammheim Castle Park
The Stammheim Castle Park was part of a medieval knightly estate acquired in 1818 from Baron Theodor von Fürstenberg. The park in the Stammheim district (Cologne) is now a public green area of the city of Cologne for the recreation of the population. Since 2002 the park has also been used for the exhibition of modern art.