Monza Park is a large walled park in Monza, Lombardy, northern Italy. The Monza Park is one of the major parks European historians, the fourth largest enclosed d’Europe and more surrounded by walls. It has an area of 688 hectares and is located north of the city, between the municipalities of Monza, Lesmo, Villasanta, Vedano al Lambro and Biassono. With the Royal Gardens, the Monza Park constitutes a complex of particular landscape, historical and architectural value, included in the wider regional park of the Lambro Valley. Since 1922 it houses inside the national racetrack of Monza, one of the most important and prestigious car circuits in the world.

The park was commissioned by Napoleon’s stepson Eugène de Beauharnais, during the French occupation of northern Italy, as external part of the garden of his royal palace (the Royal Villa of Monza); it was completed in 1808.

The park is crossed in its southern sector by the Lambro river. Some one third of the park is occupied by woods, while the rest is kept as lawn. The Autodromo Nazionale Monza racetrack has been located inside the park since 1922. Meanwhile, the Golf Club Milano is a golf course that has hosted nine editions of the Italian Open.

History

The park’s constitution
The park was built by Eugene de Beauharnais, stepson of Napoleon and viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, as a complement to the Royal Villa built several decades earlier by the will of the Austrian government. It was officially established with a Napoleonic decree on September 14, 1805 in extension to the already existing Royal Gardens. The project was entrusted to the architect Luigi Canonica and Luigi Villoresi; the works began in 1806 and ended in 1808.

The park was basically born as a model estate that combined the sovereign’s suburban stay with the possibility of having a personal hunting reserve. However, there are several hypotheses on the real need that led to its realization; according to Francesco Rephisti, the foundation of the park could be seen as the preparation of a large territorial reserve a few kilometers from Milan, then capital of the Kingdom of Italy, ready to welcome large military contingents in case of need. To corroborate this hypothesis there would have been the full-bodied royal breeding of horses at Villa Pelucca, in Sesto San Giovanni. According to Cinzia Cremonini, the villa and the park were part of a more complex design, aimed at enhancing the greatness of the Emperor, of whom Eugene of Beauharnais was the heir.

From a territorial point of view, the park initially extended to the Santa – at the time a fraction of Monza, now part of the municipality of Villasanta – and to Vedano, including the important Durini properties, to which Villa Mirabello and Villa Mirabellino belonged. Already in 1806 an additional terraced strip of about 5 km north-west of Monza was acquired, belonging to the municipalities of Monza, Vedano and Biassono, proceeding immediately after the construction of the boundary wall, using, among other things, the remains of the medieval city walls. Around 1808 the Monza park thus became the largest fenced park in Europe, with a 14 km long fence wall, thus reaching the extension of about 14,000 poles (approximately 9 km²) which included pre-existing buildings (villas, mills and farmhouses), roads, agricultural areas and wooded areas – almost a compendium of the Lombard agricultural territory.

Starting from these years, the Canonica began to elaborate a daring and complex project, aimed at harmonizing the architectures inside the park with the park itself, in an almost theatrical system with which they gave beauty and royalty to the estate. The architect personally worked on various projects for the construction or transformation of various buildings, a task that would later be developed and completed by his successor Giacomo Tazzini, active here between 1818 and 1848, in conjunction with the years of the residence of Archduke Ranieri Giuseppe d’Asburgo-Lorena in Monza.

Land and municipalities
For the construction of the park, vast land about 5 km² is bought by the local owners, mainly the church and noble families (such as the Durini and Gallarati Scotti) from 1805 to 1808, while the decree of September 14, 1805 allowed the acquisition of the chosen land for the formation of the Royal Park at the time belonging to the Municipalities of Monza, Vedano al Lambro and Biassono.

The original dislocation of the borders of these Municipalities followed the disposition of the plots of land and related properties, substantially dating back to the Teresian Land Registry; however, after the creation of the park and the rearrangement of the greenery, with the prospective avenues and the distinction between the wooded areas and the agricultural areas, it proved impossible to identify the original boundaries of the cadastral subdivisions. By virtue of this, as early as 1872 it was thought of a rectification of the boundaries, so that they were more easily identifiable. The new rectified borders were made official only on February 24, 1899, in the presence of the census commissions, the municipal councils of the municipalities concerned, as well as the engineers Luigi Tarantola for the Real Casa and Emilio Rigatti for the Cadastre. From the report drawn up, it is clear that the border between Biassono and Vedano al Lambro, the one that had undergone the most substantial modification (the one with Monza largely followed the course of the Lambro river, and underwent only a negligible regularization in the second half, in the section with Vedano al Lambro), starting from the right bank of the Lambro continue along the Viale della Fagianaia, passing through the Viale dei Platani (parallel to theviale dei Cervi and viale del Serraglio), going to meet viale delle Noci and continuing up to the park’s enclosure wall, from which it resumed the historical route along the park of Villa Litta Bolognini Modigliani. The avenues referred to have been mostly incorporated into the area subsequently occupied by the Autodrome, and today are only a historical memory.

On that occasion the hamlet of Santa tried unsuccessfully to detach itself from the Municipality of Monza to join that of Villa San Fiorano. In response, Monza asked for the annexation of the Villa San Fiorano itself. The situation remained unchanged, while continuing to fuel a certain debate and resentment among the populations of the municipalities concerned. In 1924 La Santa renewed her requests, finding this time a much harder response from Monza, whose Prefect Commissioner on August 1, 1925 asked not only for the annexation of Villa San Fiorano, but also for Vedano al Lambro and Biassono. The strong opposition brought first only by Villa San Fiorano and Biassono, later also by Vedano al Lambro, parallel to the reconstitution of a municipal administration also in Monza, after the commissioning period during which the requests, led to a downsizing of these, which were now limited to the acquisition of the land inside the park. Even the new requests from Monza were contested by both Biassono and Vedano, but would have been implemented in the following Royal Decree of 29 November 1928, published in the Official Gazette of the Kingdom on 7 January 1929, which sanctioned the incorporation of the Royal Park into the Municipality of Monza from which the fraction of the Saint was detached which was assigned to the Municipality of Villa San Fiorano in the new municipality of Villasanta. This decree officially entered into force on 23 January 1929.

The Austrian period
Archduke Ranieri, appointed viceroy of the Lombard-Veneto Kingdom in 1818, immediately took over the Villa and its appurtenances in the Habsburg possessions, which fell into a short period of oblivion after the French escaped in May 1814. Consistent with what was happening in Vienna at the time, opened for the first time to the public the Royal Gardens and Park, particularly significant initiative from a symbolic point of view, because he wanted to represent the democratic character of the new Austrian government, well disposed towards the inhabitants of Monza andMilan. In those same years, ideas were spreading, which also spread in Italy in the early nineteenth century, by specialized manuals. According to Luigi Mabil the cities should always have – in addition to the squares – additional and pleasant meeting places and walks for the population, obtained – depending on availability – inside or outside the city perimeter. They had to offer the citizen the opportunity to breathe a healthier air as well as pleasant images and moments, which distracted him from personal affairs. Consistent with this thought, Ercole Silva himself – which had already influenced the arrangement of the gardens in previous years – supported the importance of these spaces in people’s daily lives, like a real need. These areas, in addition to relieving the individual from personal afflictions, distracted him from ignoble and dangerous entertainment, educating him to a greater sensitivity and a better sociability.

The Park and the Royal Gardens would have been open until August 1, 1857, when the suppression of the agricultural colony established there was thought of, in favor of a downsizing of the park itself, accompanied by a greater development of the lawn and forest areas. Once the Austrians fell, the project was never implemented, and with the Unification of Italy in 1861 it was reopened to the public by the new owners, the rulers of the Savoy House.

From the Savoy to the Second World War
The Savoys, who succeeded the Habsburgs, initially showed substantial indifference to the events of the park and the Villa Reale. It was only with the rise to the throne of Umberto I in 1878 that this trend was reversed, inaugurating a period of important renovation and embellishment works, concentrated almost exclusively on the Royal Villa, in which the sovereign loved to stay. During this period, the main projects of interventions relating to the park concerned the architectures present there, which should have been in turn renovated and enlarged. These projects remained almost exclusively on paper, since July 29, 1900 Umberto I was assassinated near the park while returning to the villa, in the attack of the anarchist Gaetano Bresci.

This event condemned the park and the Villa Reale to a twenty-year abandonment, which ended in some way with the restitution of the properties to the state property, which took place on August 21, 1919, and the subsequent donation of the same with Royal Decree of October 3, 1919 by Vittorio Emanuele III to various beneficiaries. The areas north of viale Cavriga were sold to the National Combatant Opera, while those to the south – with the villa and the gardens – remained in the State Property; The Villa Mirabellino was donated Opera National Orphans Infants, while fifty hectares located beyond the Lambro, together with the adjoining Convent of the Graces, they were sold to the Higher School of Agriculture in Milan.

The National Combatants Opera, which judged the donation to be a passive burden, was soon activated to find a new intended use for the vast areas it had to manage. There were many speculation proposals that emerged from the beginning. Among these, one of the most significant was that of the Giacchi-Viganoni project, from 1919, according to which those areas would have turned into a modern garden city directly connected with Milan(the construction of a railway station within the park was also planned) and equipped with state-of-the-art sports and leisure facilities. Approximately 200 hectares of land would have been destined for the main garden city, surrounded by a residual green belt of about 270 hectares (however also including sports and leisure facilities) which separated it from the second residential area of about 50 hectares. About eighty hectares remaining would have been occupied by the services.

After the hypothesis of the project, in 1920 the National Combatant Work entered into an agreement with the Consortium made up of the municipalities of Monza and Milan, together with the Humanitarian Society. This consortium, which pursued logics aimed at maximizing the exploitation of the park from an economic point of view, in turn gave some areas in concession to subjects that would have upset the original configuration. In 1922 an area of 370 hectares was granted to SIAS (Society for the Increase of Automotive and Sport) in the north-western part of the park on which, also thanks to the thrusts received by Senator Silvio Benigno Crespi, president of theBanca Commerciale Italiana and the Automobile Club of Italy, the Autodromo di Monza, the third permanent automobile circuit in the world in chronological order, was built in a record time of 110 days. The project, entrusted to the architect Alfredo Rosselli and the engineer Piero Puricelli, initially provided for a 14 km, double-ring circuit, which would come to lap viale Cavriga, but was rejected by the Ministry of Education and by the Commission for the Conservation of Monuments of Antiquity and Art of the Province of Milan, as judged excessively invasive and detrimental to the integrity of the park.

The relatively more contained project is based on the interpenetration of two separate circuits – a 5,500-meter road track and the 4,500-meter high-speed ring – which share the finish straight. This solution, although it did not cancel the extreme impact that the work had on the park, allowed at least to reduce the occupied surface and the number of trees to be felled, at the time concentrated almost exclusively in the Bosco Bello area, having the park a still purely agricultural character. The circuit established itself as one of the most famous and prestigious in the world, also constituting the main reason for fame of the city of Monza in the world.

The identification of the circuit with the city of Monza (and at the time of Milan) did not fail to constitute cause for resentment for some of the Municipalities actually affected by the track layout, who did not see this reality adequately communicated to the general public:

«The Milan circuit, in the Royal Park of Monza, is built entirely on the territory of the Municipalities of Biassono and Vedano. The two municipalities that have ceded a large part of their territory are not even named: Milan and Monza have usurped a name and a reputation that should have fallen on the two forgotten Comunelli! Injustice of fate! ”
(Emilio Romanò, Blasonium. Historical and administrative memories of the Municipality of Biassono, 1928 – 1929)

Also in 1922, SIRE (Society for the Encouragement of Equine Breeds) also obtained a concession of about 100 hectares for the construction of the Mirabello Hippodrome, completed in 1924. It was built in a more central area of the park, located between Villa Mirabello – from which it took its name – and Villa Mirabellino. The construction of the racecourse was less opposed than that of the racetrack, already judged at the time of excessive environmental impact and incompatible with the nature of the park in which it was located. Even the architectural structures of the hippodrome, designed together with the two slopes by Vietti-Violi, they were much more harmonious and lighter, being made – according to the fashion of the time – in liberty style and in wood.

In 1928 the golf course was built, in an area of 90 hectares in the north-eastern part of the park, next to the racetrack. The first project, entrusted to the English architect Peter Gannon and the ex-army major Cecil Blandford – considered among the best golf designers at the time – consisted of a field of only nine holes, which was soon transformed into an eighteen holes. The architect Piero Portaluppi built the club house, for which he adapted the old Royal Fagianaia.

In 1934, the Villa Reale, the Gardens and part of the park were sold free and definitively to the municipalities of Milan and Monza, which in 1937 also purchased the areas located north of Viale Cavriga, formally still owned by the National Opera. Fighters. In the mid -thirties, following the serious car accidents that occurred at the racetrack, heavy adjustments and safety measures began on the track, accompanied by controversy regarding the massive deforestations that became indispensable for every revision of the track.

From the Second World War to today
In 1958 there was a further expansion of the golf course, with the creation of a twenty-seven hole course and the construction of a new club house, by the architect Luigi Vietti. In 1976 the hippodrome fell into disuse, and in 1990 a fire destroyed what remained of the wooden grandstands, later demolished together with the stables. Always in the seventies, the controversies on the part of environmentalists resumed, when new modifications to the racetrack, carried out for safety reasons, required the cutting of new trees. The new boxes were also built, notwithstanding the environmental restrictions on the park. Environmental groups mobilized and attempted to block the work. The situation was repeated in 1994 – ’95, when the expansion of the escape routes of some curves required the cutting of about 500 trees. A compromise was found that reduced the number to about 100, with changes to the curves involved to reduce travel speeds.

The golf course is also heavily criticized by environmentalists and the general public, who believe it is unfair that an area equal to about one seventh of the Park is assigned in exclusive concession to a private club (the Milan Golf Club) which it has about 900 members only, preventing other visitors from accessing it. Between 1995 and 2006, two petitions were made to close the plant.

With the Regional Law 40/95 which authorized the interventions for the Autodrome, a “Plan for the Rebirth of the Monza Park” was approved, the implementation of which, although partial, marked an inversion of the Park degradation process that characterized the last century. Thanks to this plan, the hippodrome has been eliminated, thus recovering the view of the Lombard mountains from the recreated Mirabello lawn. The Viale dei Carpini has been redone, which again crosses this meadow, connecting the Mirabello and Mirabellino Villas. The Collinetta di Vedano and the Belvedere of the Valley of Sighs have been recovered. The Viali dei Tigli and ippocastani beyond the Ponte delle Catene have been replanted thus reconstituting the telescope that extends eastward from the Villa (ideally towards Vienna). An important part of the arboreal heritage has been restored.

Management of the monumental Palace of Monza
The Management Consortium was established on July 20, 2009, pursuant to art. 112 and 115 of Legislative Decree 22 January 2004, n. 42], bearing the “Code of Cultural Heritage and Landscape”, to enhance the Royal Palace of Monza, with its Royal Villa, the Royal Gardens and the Park, carrying out its restoration and ensuring its scheduled conservation, with a view to improving the public use. It started its activities on September 9, 2009 and is made up of the proprietary institutions of the various sections of the Villa and Park: the State (Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism), the Lombardy Region, the Municipality of Monza and the Municipality of Milan. Although the Chamber of Commerce of Monza and Brianza and the Province of Monza and Brianza have not owned any property within the monumental complex, in 2014 it entered the Consortium governance also Confindustria Monza and Brianza.

The system of avenues and perspective telescopes

Inside the park
Viale di Vedano (East-West axis central area)
Viale dei Carpini (formerly viale dei Carpani) – It stretches for 400 meters from villa Mirabello (east) to villa Mirabellino (west). Destroyed with the construction of the Mirabello racecourse in 1924, it has recently been restored.
Viale Cavriga (formerly viale delle Roveri) – It stretches straight for 2.2 km from the gate of Monza on the west side (located just north of the Villa Reale) to the gate of Villasanta on the east side, thus crossing from side to side – in slightly oblique way – the southern area of the Park. At the time, it constituted a very important road intervention, capable of guaranteeing a viable and regular road connection between the municipalities north of Monza, whose roads were limited to country paths, difficult to cover also due to the scarcity of bridges. In fact, it crosses the Lambro with the Cavriga bridge. Originally it was flanked by a double row of oaks, replaced withplane trees during the thirties.
Viale Mirabello (North-South axis)
Viale Mirabellino
Viale dei Tigli
Viale delle Noci – It stretched straight for 3.5 km from viale Cavriga (to the south) at the northern end of the park, passing through the rondò della Stella, which disappeared with the construction of the racetrack.
Rondò della Stella (or Carpini) – It was located along the Viale delle Noci and was the point where four other perspective avenues (in addition to the aforementioned avenue) originated, which culminated visually towards as many architectures inside and outside the park. It had the shape of a polygonal square; isolated with the creation of the racetrack, it is still all in all recognizable in its form.

Outside the park
Viale Cesare Battisti – It extends over two carriageways separated by a large rectangular lawn bordered by hedges that prevent access to pedestrians, for 1.4 km from the rondò dei Pini (west) to the Villa Reale (east). It is the most important of the prospective avenues afferent to the park and the villa, connecting the latter with the tree-lined avenue that started at the Rondo di Loreto in Milan. Furthermore, the avenue is characterized by the fact that (starting from the rondò dei Pini) you can see on the right, first the old Royal Station and then, almost at the end of the avenue, always on the right, a perspective view of the imposing Expiatory Chapel.

The wall of the Park and the system access
The park’s enclosure wall was erected by Canonica in 1808 with the remains of the residual materials from the old walls of Monza. Over 14 km long, it had the double task of physically defining the boundaries of the areas for use by the Villa Reale and at the same time keeping outside those who should not have access to it, also for security reasons; not just because of Eugenio of Beauharnais’ personal safetyor anyone else who used the complex, but for the safety of anyone, he would have entered the properties carelessly, in any case used as hunting grounds. The first opening to the public of the park was in fact only in 1818, with the installation of Ranieri Giuseppe of Habsburg-Lorraine.

Royal Villa and Farms
The park was built after the Villa and the Gardens, during the French domination, with the Napoleon imperial decree (September 1805, 14th). The park’s design, by architect Luigi Canonica, a Piermarini’s student, was completed in just three years and at the time of its creation it was reforested with more than 10.000 trees.

Buy in several lots, up to an area of 685 hectares enclosed by 14 km of walls, the Park stands as a hunting reserve, wooded area and model seals center. From 1816 to the Canonical Architect, his student and collaborator, Giacomo Tazzini, joined him, who works on the park’s farmhouses.

Today the Royal Villa Park, with its 14 km of walls, is one of the largest enclosed parks in Europe and has 12 farmhouses, 3 mills, 4 bridges and 5 gates.

Monumental Trees
The essence of Reggia of Monza’s Park are many, since was born, in 1805, was pant 10.000 precious tree coming from all the world. The great botanic collection, made and makes the park a landscape piece of art, a collage of colors and fragrances constantly changing.

Some of them are considered proper natural monuments, a green giant. In the Royal Garden we find, behind the villa, two twins oaks’ specimens, presents in the list of the monumental trees of Italy. Since two centuries the monumental tree staring the facade of Royal Villa.

Next to them, in the regal garden, we find a fragrance that comes from all over the world: the ginkgo, of Japanese origin, the American redwood with the reddish trunk, the tulip tree of Canada, and the Lebanon cedar.

Commissioned by Ferdinando Dasburg, passionate botanist, the essences were selected from the Regia’s gardener. Later the botanical collection was enriched with new species. In the second Hapsburg period, Archduke Ranieri had a campanula created which still bears his name.

In the Royal Park, we cannot fail to be struck by the beauty of the centuries-old oak tree protected by an elderberry and yew forest or by the specimen of walnut and two-hundred-year-old horse chestnut.

Pendulous Beech (Fagus sylvatica pendula) Weeping Beech by Mario DonadoniReggia di Monza
Linden, or Wild lime, Tilia cordata Fam. Tiliaceae by Mario DonadoniReggia di Monza
Horse chestnut, Indian chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, Fam. Sapindaceae by Mario DonadoniReggia di Monza
Quercia (Quercus robur) Oak by Mario DonadoniReggia di Monza

Rose Garden
In the space in front of the Villa Reale in Monza there is one of the most fascinating rose gardens that I have ever seen. An authentic corner of paradise with a veiled, golden warmth, colored by the intoxicating and sometimes poignant scent of ancient roses.

The rose garden of the Royal Villa is in the parterres on the sides of the courtyard of honor. It was created thanks to Niso Fumagalli, businessman and president of Candy, great roses lover. After several trips to France, Belgium, Holland and England, where gardens competitions were followed with interest, in 1964 Niso Fumagalli found the Italian Rose Association in Monza.

First competitions were in 1965, when the rose gardens works were not completed yet. Next years here come some godmothers, like Princess Grace of Monaco, in 1970, and Nobel Prize winner Rita Levi Montalcini, in 1991.

The Chinensis rose, called Bella di Monza, is an ancient rose specimen, characterized by the open flower, the presence of thorns, the almost disorganized trend of the bush.

It is surprising how in a few plants you can find so much diversity of bearing, height, foliage and shapes, as in the rose. Some have bright or opaque foliage, others are distinguished by toothed margins.

Installations
Aviary for humans
Aviary for humans is a permanent installation located near Cascina Cernuschi, in the area behind the Valley of Sighs. Work by Giuliano Mauri, it was inaugurated on November 26, 2006, made with materials coming exclusively from inside the park, aimed at composing a circular point environment, a sort of dome similar to a large open cage. The Aviary, however, was dismantled in 2013 because it was ruined by numerous bad weather.

Writer
The installation, the work of the sculptor Giancarlo Neri, was placed in the park on the occasion of its 200th anniversary, in 2008. Previously it had already been exhibited at Villa Ada, in Rome, and subsequently at Hampstead Heath, in London. As the author himself explains, the installation would celebrate the writer’s loneliness, symbolizing the creative process of writing, which obliges the writer to a general isolation from the surrounding world; in doing so, he remains alone at the table on which he works. Hence the grandeur of the sculpture, consisting of a chair and a table made out of scale and inserted in the open spaces of the park.

Flora
Historically, thanks to the work of Luigi Villoresi, numerous plant species, both native and exotic, were attested; at the time there were even 43 species of Quercus, 30 of Fraxinus, 22 of Prunus and 16 of magnolia. Nowadays, despite having lost much of its original physiognomy, the Park retains a good arboreal variety, particularly significant and important, if contextualized in the almost entirely urbanized panorama of Monza and the municipalities immediately north of this last. The presence of the Bosco Bello is also particularly significant, one of the last testimonies of the ancient lowland forests present in Lombardy, however circumscribed in the northern area of the Park, repeatedly compromised by the Autodromo and the related continuous deforestation interventions.

Among the most characteristic and most widespread species in the park are the White Hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), the Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), the Liriodendro (Liriodendron tulipifera), various species of Plane Tree, the Wild Cherry (Prunus avium) and the Linden (Tilia cordata); among the shrubs the Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), the Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) and the Evonimo (Euonymus europaeus).

Fauna
Once the function of royal hunting reserve and the subsequent model agricultural estate ceased, the Park currently boasts a fair number of spontaneous animal species, to which must be added the farmed species, especially bovine (Mulini San Giorgio) and equine (Mulini San Giorgio and Cascina Cernuschi, still used as a Carabinieri barracks on horseback). Important, in the fifty years of activity, also the horse breeding of the Ippodromo del Mirabello, active until 1976. A study conducted by researchers from the University of Pavia together with the Natural History Museumof Milan have identified a surprising variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish, which contribute to significantly increase the importance and value of this green area.

The fauna of the Park consists mainly of the red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris), the European hare (Lepus europaeus), the dormouse (Glis glis), the European mole (Talpa europaea), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), from the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and from the common hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), as regards mammals; from the great spotted woodpecker(Dendrocopus major), from the green woodpecker (Picus viridis) and from the nuthatch (European nuthatch), as regards the peaks, from the mandarin duck (Aix galericulata), from the mallard (Anas platyrhyncos), from the night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), by the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and by the gray heron (Ardea cinerea), as regards the water birds, from the buzzard (Buteo buteo), from ‘ tawny owl (Strix aluco), the long-eared owl (Asio otus), in the winter months from Gull (Laridae), the owl (Athene noctua) and the kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), for regarding birds of prey; from green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) and colubus of Esculapio (Elaphe longissima), as regardsreptiles; from the frog of Lateste (Rana latastei), from the Italian crested newt (Triturus carnifex) and from the emerald toad (Bufo viridis), as regards amphibians; from common carp and chub, as regards fish.

Accessibility and transport
Historically, the Villa Reale and its park were served by a station for the exclusive use of the King and his family, located on the route of the Milan-Chiasso railway. The station, opened in 1884, stood on the extension of the historic Milan-Monza (active since 1840), which passed under the long perspective avenue of the Villa (today viale Cesare Battisti), without therefore affecting its view, interrupting its perspective. The station, which still preserves intact the waiting room royal, was used for the last time to carry to Rome the body ofKing Umberto I, 8 August 1900.

The 1900 was also the year of the extension of the historic tramway Milano-Monza from ‘ Arengario the Park, already reached by 1890 from the line to Carate. Following the construction of the Autodromo and the Ippodromo del Mirabello in 1924, it was thought to extend the tramway up to the so-called Vedano ring, a trunk section established for specific services serving the two sports facilities. (active from the following year). In the1956 an automobile service was started between Monza and Vedano, extended the following year in Giussano: the buses, which ran parallel to the tram, would soon decree its end. The tram service would in fact cease in 1958 on the Milan-Monza and in 1960 on the Monza-Carate.

Today the Monza Park is widely served by the z204 (Taccona- Monza – Vedano) and z208 (San Fruttuoso – Monza – Villasanta / Arcore) lines of the urban service (currently managed by the North-East Transport) and by the z221 line (Sesto – Monza – Carate – Giussano) of the extra-urban service (managed by Brianza Trasporti – AGI). Finally, the proximity of the Biassono-Lesmo Parco station (active from 1911), located at the north-western end of the park, along the Monza-Molteno-Lecco railway.