Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines which accomplish some household functions, such as cooking, cleaning, or food preservation.
Home appliances can be divided into three classifications, which include:
Major appliances, or white goods
Laundry Care Appliances: washing machine, dryer, deficiency, iron
Kitchen appliances: appliances for
Cooking and baking: stove, oven, microwave oven, mini oven with grill, pressure cooker, cooking machine (historically 19th century) – also for wood or coal firing or gas appliances
Rinse: dishwasher
Cooling and freezing: refrigerator, freezer, fridge -freezer, as well
Small domestic appliances: hand mixer, coffee machine, espresso machine, food processor, blender, juicer, toaster, kettle, electric grill
mechanical equipment: manual can opener, fleet Lotte, Minna (food processor), floor or table cleaner, kitchen scale
simple kitchen utensils such as cutlery, pots and kitchen textiles.
Air conditioners: fan, fan heater, humidifier, air conditioning
Cleaning equipment: vacuum cleaner, floor cleaner, wet-dry vacuum cleaner
Lighting equipment: floor lamp, desk lamp
Personal care: hair dryer, curling iron
Heat generator: heating pad, radiant heater, sunbed
DIY machinery: sewing machine, cordless drill
Measuring instruments: personal scale, digital clinical thermometer
This division is also noticeable in the maintenance and repair of these kinds of products. Brown goods usually require high technical knowledge and skills (which get more complex with time, such as going from a soldering iron to a hot-air soldering station), while white goods may need more practical skills and force to manipulate the devices and heavy tools required to repair them.
Definition
Given a broad usage, the domestic application attached to “home appliance” is tied to the definition of appliance as “an instrument or device designed for a particular use or function”. More specifically, Collins dictionary defines “home appliance” as: “devices or machines, usually electrical, that are in your home and which you use to do jobs such as cleaning or cooking.” The broad usage, afforded to the definition allows for nearly any device intended for domestic use to be a home appliance, including consumer electronics as well as stoves, refrigerators, toasters and air conditioners to light bulbs and water well pumps.
History
While many appliances have existed for centuries, the self-contained electric or gas powered appliances are a uniquely American innovation that emerged in the twentieth century. The development of these appliances is tied to the disappearance of full-time domestic servants and the desire to reduce the time-consuming activities in pursuit of more recreational time. In the early 1900s, electric and gas appliances included washing machines, water heaters, refrigerators and sewing machines. The invention of Earl Richardson’s small electric clothes iron in 1903 gave a small initial boost to the home appliance industry. In the Post–World War II economic expansion, the domestic use of dishwashers, and clothes dryers were part of a shift for convenience. Increasing discretionary income was reflected by a rise in miscellaneous home appliances.
In America during the 1980s, the industry shipped $1.5 billion worth of goods each year and employed over 14,000 workers, with revenues doubling between 1982 and 1990 to $3.3 billion. Throughout this period companies merged and acquired one another to reduce research and production costs and eliminate competitors, resulting in anti-trust legislation.
The United States Department of Energy reviews compliance with the National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, which required manufacturers to reduce the energy consumption of the appliances by 25% every five years.
In the 1990s, the appliance industry was very consolidated, with over 90% of the products being sold by just five companies. For example, in 1991, dishwasher manufacturing market share was split between General Electric with 40% market share, Whirlpool with 31% market share, Electrolux with 20% market share, Maytag with 7% market share and Thermador with just 2% of market share.
The development of household appliances used today goes hand in hand with the development of the supply of electricity. However, the first hydropower plants with their electricity grids built at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries were only suitable for the operation of arc and incandescent lamps. The electricity price to be paid was considerable and clearly exceeded the hourly wage of a skilled worker per kilowatt- hour.
Only after the First World War did the situation change with the construction of the first large steam power plants. At the same time, the high-voltage grid was expanded, with which the converted heat energy could be transmitted over a long distance. In the household, this development meant the mass use of the electric iron, the first household electrical appliance next to the electric sewing machine. Their successful market introduction in the 19th century ushered in the industrialization of the private household.
About 15 years later, the use of radio is propagated under the National Socialists, with the so-called people’s recipients, the rulers at that time gain an extremely popular instrument for disseminating their propaganda. The already tried at this time introduction of the electric refrigerator fails, however, at cost of this device.
After the Second World War, the currency reform and the economic miracle, the power plants and the electricity grids are becoming more and more efficient with sinking electricity prices. At the same time, other domestic electrical appliances are entering the market. The electric stove, the electric washing machine, the dishwasher, the vacuum cleaner, the television and many other consumer electronics devices are establishing themselves in private households. Ten years later comes the electric coffee machine and the freezerafter another 15 years the microwave oven. All of these devices were invented some decades before their widespread launch; their market success at the time of the invention was repeatedly prevented by the lack of access to low-cost electrical power.
Today, the trend continues towards “connected home appliances”, mostly via powerline solutions. This is how Siemens develops serve @ Home, Miele offers @ Miele @ home products, and in Switzerland you can find ZUG-Home from V-ZUG AG. The goal is to increase the added value of device usage and create new (remote) operation options.
Domestic appliances such as refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and dishwashers saved a considerable amount of time: in the USA, for example, washing, cooking and cleaning per household alone required nearly 60 hours per week in 1900, four times as much as today.
Adjoining areas
It is impossible to talk about household appliances without mentioning the sectors adjoining the environment, and of which the material must be differentiated:
Brown for material relating to image and sound;
Gray concerning telephony or faxes;
Computer science for computers and all their peripherals;
Blanc includes cleaning, cooking, cooking and cold equipment.
Red for destruction devices.
Yellow for cleaning devices.
Blue concerns all machines that use oxidizing products.
Divisions and Appliances
The term household appliance is also associated by the profession with the term “white”, subdivided into two categories:
Small appliances (PEM)
The big appliance (GEM).
Major appliances
Major appliances, also known as white goods, comprise major household appliances and may include: air conditioners, dishwashers, clothes dryers, drying cabinets, freezers, refrigerators, kitchen stoves, water heaters, washing machines, trash compactors, microwave ovens, induction cookers and Automatic Rotimaker. White goods were typically painted or enameled white, and many of them still are.
The cooking
cooker
Microwave oven
Traditional oven
Steam oven
Gas cookers
Extractor hood
Cooking plate:
Classic electric
ceramic
Induction
Washing
Washing machine
Dishwasher
Tumble drier
Cold
Wine cellar
Freezer
Fridge
Mobile and monobloc air conditioner
Small appliances
Small appliances are typically small household electrical machines, also very useful and easily carried and installed. Yet another category is used in the kitchen, including: juicers, electric mixers, meat grinders, coffee grinders, deep fryers, herb grinders, food processors, electric kettles, waffle irons, coffee makers, blenders and dough blenders, rice cookers, toasters and exhaust hoods.
Entertainment and information appliances such as: home electronics, TV sets, CD, VCRs and DVD players, camcorders, still cameras, clocks, alarm clocks, computers, video game consoles, HiFi and home cinema, telephones and answering machines are classified as “brown goods”. Some such appliances were traditionally finished with genuine or imitation wood. This has become rare but the name has stuck, even for goods that are unlikely ever to have had a wooden case (e.g. camcorders).
Culinary preparation
Barbecue
kettle
Centrifuge for fruits and vegetables
Rice cooker (self-cooking rice)
Steamed
Electric whisk
Toaster
Bread maker
Blender
Multicooker
table grill
Juicers
Food processor or multifunction
Raclette service
Wok
Hygiene and body care
Bathroom scale
Toothbrush and water jet
Epilator
Shaver
hair dryer
Coffee preparation
Coffee maker
Espresso
coffee grinder
Floor care
Vacuum
waxy
Steam cleaner
Robotic lawn mower
Ironing
Steam plant
Iron
Ironing press
Ironing roll
Ironing board
Networking of home appliances
There is a trend of networking home appliances together, and combining their controls and key functions. For instance, energy distribution could be managed more evenly so that when a washing machine is on, an oven can go into a delayed start mode, or vice versa. Or, a washing machine and clothes dryer could share information about load characteristics (gentle/normal, light/full), and synchronize their finish times so the wet laundry does not have to wait before being put in the dryer.
Additionally, some manufacturers of home appliances are quickly beginning to place hardware that enables Internet connectivity in home appliances to allow for remote control, automation, communication with other home appliances, and more functionality. Internet-connected home appliances were especially prevalent during recent Consumer Electronic Show events.
Energy efficiency of large appliances
In the operation of large-scale household appliances today, greater attention is being paid to energy efficiency in order to reduce the associated environmental impact and costs. As an aid to consumers, when selling household appliances over a certain size, energy labels should use EU energy labels. In stationary retail, appropriate labels, which are usually supplied with the products by the manufacturer, must be affixed to the products. In online trading, the ad is required for the product.
The EU Energy Label rates power and water consumption in terms of device function, grading from A (frugal) to G (wasteful). On the market today (2012) mostly only Class A devices are offered, so that the grading criteria of the EU label are technically outdated. Only for refrigerators and freezers, introduced in 2004 classes A +, A ++ and A +++ correspond to the current state of the art. Since July 2012, only refrigerators with the minimum energy efficiency rating A + may be sold in the EU. we find a contemporary assessment in the regularly updated list of fuel efficient household appliances, the z. B. offered by energy consultants and municipalities. The German Enterprise Initiative Energy Efficiency (DENEFF), theThe German Federal Association for the Environment and Nature Conservation (BUND) and the German Renewable Energy Federation (BEE) have joined forces in a joint declaration for a scrapping premium for household appliances that consume a lot of electricity.
Energy label
The scope of application of the energy label is European and constitutes an informative tool at the service of purchasers of electricity consuming appliances. It allows the consumer to quickly know the energy efficiency of a household appliance. It must be exhibited obligatorily in each household appliance put on sale. The types of appliances that are required to be labeled energy are:
Refrigerator and Freezers.
Dishwasher.
Washing machines.
Dryers.
Washer-dryer.
Domestic light sources.
Electric furnace.
Air conditioning.
With Directive 2010/30 / EU, in June 2010 the European Union created a new design of the energy label. The classification scale consists of letters, in addition to the three additional classes of higher energy efficiency: A +, A ++ and A +++.
Recycling
Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and scrapping their parts for reuse. The main types of appliances that are recycled are T.V.s, refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. It involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and grading.
Source from Wikipedia