Gothic architecture in the Czech Republic

Czech Gothic architecture refers to the architectural period primarily of the Late Middle Ages in the area of the present-day Czech Republic (former Crown of Bohemia, primarily consisting of the Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia).

The Gothic style first appeared in the Czech lands in the first half of the 13th century and was usual there until the early 16th century. The phases of the development of the Gothic architecture in the Czech lands are often named after the Bohemian ruling dynasty of the corresponding time:

Early Gothic — Přemyslid Gothic (13th and early 14th century)
High Gothic — Luxembourg Gothic (14th and early 15th century)
Late Gothic — Jagiellonian Gothic (approximately 1471–1526)
The most significant Gothic architects who worked in the Czech lands (especially in Bohemia) were Peter Parler and Benedikt Rejt.

Early Gothic
The Gothic style penetrated the Czech lands in the first half of the 13th century – in the time when the Romanesque style flourished in Bohemia and the High Gothic in France. In the 13th century the Kingdom of Bohemia became a stable country and the growth of the political and economical importance of Bohemia mirrored also in the art. Until that time the cultural development of the Czech lands was obviously delayed in comparison with Western Europe. In the 13th century many monasteries, convents, cities, towns and villages were founded. It was the time of colonization of the still uninhabited areas of the Kingdom. The Czech nobility accepted the culture of knights, so they listened to the German Minnesingers, participated in tournaments, got their coat of arms and built castles of stone. Thanks to the newly found silver mines the Kingdom was becoming richer (e. g. Jihlava, Stříbro or Kutná Hora).

In the 1240s last purely Romanesque churches were built (e. g. in Vinec, Potvorov, Tismice or Kondrac). In the 1230s first Early Gothic buildings were built in the “transitional” style brought to Bohemia and Moravia by the Order of Cistercians. Their building were not very fancy and they often used leaf and berry motifs, especially on the capitals. The Cistercians were the most important builder of the very Early Gothic style architecture in the Czech lands.

The Church of the Teplá Abbey (Premonstratensians) consecrated in 1232 is one of the oldest Gothic churches in Bohemia. Other important Early Gothic building is the Osek Monastery (Cistercians) in Bohemia with its unique Chapter hall. The first Gothic building in Moravia was the Monastery of Cistercian nuns Porta Coeli in Předklášteří u Tišnova near Brno founded by Constance of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia in 1233 and concentrated in 1239. There are the oldest traceries of the rose windows in the Czech lands and the very fancy portal built in the style of the French cathedrals was unique in Central Europe of that time.

The St. Procopius Basilica in Třebíč is considered to be the most bizarre work of the European architecture of the second third of the 13th century. The architecture of this former Benedictine abbey church in Třebíč is a unique mixture of Romanesque and Gothic style. It was not built in the “transitional” Romanesque-Gothic style but the builders used elements of the both styles in its mature forms and so created a building which is purely Romanesque and Gothic at the same time. Therefore, it is listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

The oldest Gothic building in Prague is the Convent of St. Agnes founded in 1231 by the Bohemian Princess Agnes of Bohemia (later canonized). It was the first convent of the Poor Clares outside Italy. The first church of this convent (St. Francis Church) was completed in 1234 and it is said to be the oldest vaulted mendicant order church north of the Alps. The Church of Christ the Saviour built in 1261–1265 as the royal mausoleum of Přemyslid dynasty by King Ottokar II of Bohemia was directly influenced by the French Gothic architecture.

In the new-founded rich mining town Jihlava there were built three Early Gothic churches (parish, Minorite and Dominicane) in the 1240s which also belong to the oldest preserved Gothic churches in the Czech lands.

After the 1260s the influence of the Cistercian style diminished and the Czech architecture was then inspired by the French High Gothic architecture. In southern Bohemia there worked the royal builders employed by the King Ottokar II of Bohemia. In the Royal Town of Písek there they built some important buildings (Royal Castle, Písek Stone Bridge, parish church). They also built the Zvíkov Castle with a central court surrounded by arcades in two levels inspired by the cloister — typical element of the monastic architecture. The chapel of the castle was completed in 1270.

Other important castles are the royal Bezděz Castle (with its beautiful chapel) and Křivoklát Castle, the bishop’s Horšovský Týn Castle (its chapel has been preserved, other parts were later rebuilt). In Moravia there are the Špilberk Castle in Brno, Veveří Castle, Buchlov, Hukvaldy or others.

The Old New Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter of the Old Town of Prague was built around 1270 by stonemasons of the royal workshop who also built the Convent of St. Agnes. This twin-nave synagogue is one of the oldest preserved in Europe and the oldest still active in Europe.

The style of the Old New Synagogue resembles the Cistercian monasteries Zlatá Koruna (founded in 1263) and Vyšší Brod (founded in 1259). In Vyšší Brod very precious Early Gothic Chapter hall from 1285 has been preserved. These monasteries were then completed in the High Gothic style.

Example:

Monastery Buildings
Osek, Chapel Hall
Prekáštery u Tišnova
Celebrated, rebuilding
The Beginnings of Urban Gothic Architecture
Around 1240, the first Gothic town buildings began to appear. The most prominent representatives include the buildings of the Anežsky Monastery in Prague in the Old Town and a unique ensemble of three Jihlava attic churches (Minorite, Dominican and Parish). These buildings are of great importance for the further development of our attic churches.

First castles
Since the mid- 13th century, the building of fortified settlements – castles and stone fortresses has begun to develop. Since then, it has mostly survived as a nucleus hidden under later rebuilding. The most important of these are Svojanov, Zvíkov, Jindřichův Hradec, Buchlov, Týřov and others.

Rural Churches
In the 13th century a number of buildings are being built on the Czech territory, characterized mostly by a rectangular presbytery, a massive cross ribbed vault and a flatship of ships. Examples include the churches in Nové Roli, Racec, Vimperk (cemetery church), Vlčice, the church of St. Lawrence in Bohdalov (the Gothic presbytery is the sacristy of today’s church)

The period of Přemysl Otakar II.
During the reign of Přemysl Otakar II. (1253-1278), the Gothic architecture was extended to the whole territory and to a wide range of buildings. The focus of the building activity was the newly established cities and the royal and aristocratic castles. By the 1950s, influences of early Cistercian Gothic had prevailed. Since the 1960s, the contribution of the classical French Gothic has also come to light, and the specific regional style has fused to each other.

Early Gothic Churches
In the case of church buildings, the support system is developed, the triple and four-lane traces appear in the windows, the gothic divisions are promoted at the portals. The vault carries mostly bundle cases. The most important construction of this period is the parish church in Písek, the work of the royal ironworks influenced by the Cistercian Gothic. Classical French Gothic are influenced by parish churches in Cologne and Kouřim and minority church in Cheb. In Moravia, the most important buildings are built behind Olomouc Bishop Bruno of Schauenburk (the base of the Olomouc Dome, the Church of St. Moritz in Olomouc and the Church of St. Moritz in Kroměříž).

Early Gothic Village Churches
The construction of a village still survives the transient style, basically no different from the first Gothic buildings of this type.

Early Gothic Monasteries
The most important monastery buildings include (nowadays often rebuilt) buildings in Žďár nad Sázavou and Hradiště nad Jizerou (with a unique portal), as well as monasteries in Plasech, Strahov, Polička nad Metují and Dalešice.

Early Gothic Castles
The most significant buildings include a number of royal and aristocratic castles of two types:

castles with rectangular core – Písek (today torzo), Zvíkov, Špilberk in Brno, Kadaň, Horšovský Týn (with a beautiful castle chapel)
castles with longitudinal ground plan, often given terrain – Bezděz, Osek (Riesenburk), Křivoklát, Veveří, Buchlov

The advent of the top Gothic for Wenceslas II.
During the reign of Wenceslas II. Gothic architecture occurs roughly around 1290 to a sharp break. The existing buildings are replaced by buildings with significant verticalism and deep rhythm. The windows are expanding, the previously rounded lobes of the circles are focused. The uprights reach up to the main ledge. The period of the Upper Gothic era, when works of the European level are also being created in our countries.

Monasteries
Central Europe becomes the center of Cistercian construction. In Southern Bohemia two top works are emerging – the monastery in Vyšší Brod and Zlatá Koruna monastery. Other Cistercian monastic complexes grow in Sedlec near Kutna Hora (later Baroque by J. Santini), Zbraslav near Prague and Old Brno.

Castles
At the beginning of the peak Gothic, many important castles – Bezděz, Hasištejn, Starý Jičín, Házmburk, Cimburk, Prácheň, Konopiště, Kotnov (in Tábor), Kokořín and others are being built and newly built.

Churches
The most important church buildings of this period include the Church of Sts. Tomas in Prague, churches in Nymburk, the Church of Sts. Bartholomew in Pilsen and the Dominican Church in České Budějovice.

Rural Churches
Architecture of rural churches is changing, buildings with rectangular presbytery are replaced by more advanced churches with a pentagon chancel closed.

High Gothic

The High Gothic period in the Czech lands started during the reign of the King Wenceslaus II in the 1290s. In that time the Gothic style in the Czech lands changed. The new buildings started to emphasize the verticality and light very strongly.

In the Cistercian Sedlec Abbey near Kutná Hora, the first church in the style of French Gothic cathedrals in the Czech lands was built around 1300. It is called the Church of the Assumption of Our Lady and Saint John the Baptist and although it was rebuilt in the 18th century in the Baroque Gothic style its presbytery, main nave and transept didn’t lose its original appearance. It is considered to be one of the first High Gothic buildings in the Czech Republic and it was also inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

A very similar church was built in another Cistercian monastery in Zbraslav. In its time it was the biggest church in Bohemia – it was 104 meters long. The Zbraslav Cathedral was destroyed during the Hussite Wars.

Luxembourg Gothic
The first king of the new Luxembourg dynasty John of Luxembourg was not a great founder of new buildings. He probably rebuilt the Stone Bell House on the Old Town Square in Prague after 1310. In this time the house was decorated with great statues and paintings and was probably used as a royal residence instead of the Prague Castle which was uninhabitable after the fire in 1303.

The Bishop of Prague Jan IV. z Dražic supported the new architecture instead of the king who was often absent in the country. He founded a new workshop in his town Roudnice nad Labem to which he invited south-French builders. He started to build a new bridge in Roudnice over the river Elbe (Czech: Labe). He also invited a bridge architect William of Avignon for one year who taught the local stonemasons so that they could finish the bridge construction on their own. The Bishop also founded a new monastery with a church in Roudnice and new castles in Litovice and Dražice. He also founded a new monumental St Giles’s Church (Czech: Kostel sv. Jiljí) in the Old Town of Prague and rebuilt the Bishop’s residence in the Lesser Town of Prague (was destroyed during the Hussite Wars).

The reign of Charles IV and Wenceslaus IV
The heyday of the High Gothic art in the Czech lands came with John’s son Charles IV. This young Bohemian Prince came to Bohemia in 1333 from France where he had been raised at the French royal court. Then he became as the first king of Bohemia the Holy Roman Emperor and so Prague became the imperial residence. The reign of Emperor Charles IV and his son King Wenceslaus IV is one of the very few periods of the Czech art when it was at the comparable level with the European development and even became the leading force in the development of European art.

Charles IV was a very important supporter of art. He founded many new buildings, for example the most important High Gothic building in the Czech Republic – the St. Vitus Cathedral at the Prague Castle – which was founded by him, his father King John and the Prague Archbishop Arnošt of Pardubice in 1344. The first architect was a Frenchman Matthias of Arras who designed the church in the French Gothic style. After his death Petr Parler (who came from Germany) became the architect of the cathedral and changed the older plans. Peter Parler built a net vault in the main nave, one of the first net vaults in the continental Europe. This net vault then inspired the vaults in many central-European churches (e. g. in Milevsko, Český Krumlov or Nysa in Poland). One of the most precious spaces of the cathedral is the St. Wenceslas Chapel which resembles the Chapel of the Holy Cross at the Karlštejn Castle in central Bohemia. The building of the cathedral was interrupted by Hussite Wars and was completed first in the early 20th century. Charles IV also ordered to rebuild the Old Royal Palace at the Prague Castle, his son Wenceslaus IV then continued in the rebuilding after Charles’s death.

Another important building of the Prague High Gothic architecture is the Charles Bridge with its Old Town Bridge Tower built by Petr Parler and which is one of the largest and most beautiful Gothic gates in Europe.

Petr Parler also designed the new presbytery of the St. Bartholomew Church in Kolín (Czech: Kostel sv. Bartoloměje). The work of Petr Parler later became a great inspiration for central-European Late Gothic architects.

The most important Czech High Gothic castle is the Karlštejn Castle built in 1348–1357 (and decorated until 1367) where the unique Chapel of the Holy Cross can be seen which should have looked like the Heavenly Jerusalem and in which the most precious holy relics and jewels of the Kingdom of Bohemia and Holy Roman Empire were kept (e. g. the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire). Its walls are decorated with precious stones and with 130 pictures of saints painted by Theodoric of Prague, its golden ceiling resembles the sky with stars, sun and moon.

During the reign of Wenceslaus IV the Gothic style changed a bit into the so-called International Gothic which was characterized by replacing monumentality with elegance (therefore it is also known as the “Beautiful style”). Typical for the International Gothic architecture especially in Central Europe were the hall churches. The hall churches usually also had thin tall columns supporting the vault. Typical examples of International Gothic architecture in the Kingdom of Bohemia are the south-Bohemian churches of St Giles in Třeboň (Czech: Kostel sv. Jiljí) and of St Vitus in Soběslav (Czech: Kostel sv. Víta). The king himself ordered to rebuild the Italian Court in Kutná Hora and to build the Točník Castle. Another important church was the St Vitus Church in Český Krumlov built after 1407 as a hall church with a net vault in the main nave.

Example:
Petr Parler and his workshop
After the death of Matyáš of Arras, Petr Parléř arrived in Prague in 1356 and continues the construction of St. Welcome to the Prague Castle. New elements are emerging in his work, which later extends to a number of constructions – dynamic scarlet trajectories, star and net vaults, suspension bolts. Its toppieces include the network vault of the presbytery of the St. Vitus cathedral (later frequently repeated in other buildings), the Charles Bridge with the Old Town Bridge Tower (with a crossbow of the “milev” type in the passage) and the Cathedral Choir of the Church of Sts. Bartholomew in Cologne. Since 1388 Parler’s workshop has been in the building of the cathedral in Kutna Hora. Petr Parler’s workshop is of fundamental importance in the birth of the late Gothic style in architecture and the so-called beautiful style in sculpture art.

Prague City Churches
In Prague there is an unprecedented building boom, when a number of new churches are growing, especially in New Town, with overlapping activities in the Old Town and Malá Strana. These include, for example, the monumental torso of the Church of Our Lady of the Snow, Jindřicha, sv. Štěpán, Monastery Na Slovanech, Church of Our Lady at Trávníčku, St. The Apolináře, the Virgin Mary and Charles the Great in Karlovy Vary, St. Michal in Opatovice, Peter and Paul at Vyšehrad, the Virgin Mary before Týn, St. Haštala, sv. Martin in the wall, Bethlehem Chapel, St. Tomas in the Lesser Town, etc.

Outlying City Churches
At the same time, Prague churches create a number of impressive city churches throughout the country, the most important being the churches in Hradec Králové, Nymburk, Rakovnik, Slavonic, Church of Sts. Bartholomew in Pilsen, churches in Chrudim, Vysoké Mýto, Ústí nad Labem (presbytery), Tachov, Prachatice (presbytery), Ledec nad Sazavou, Horšovský Týn etc.

Monastery Buildings
Important monasteries include the Augustinian monasteries in Brno (with the church of St. Thomas) and Litomyšl, as well as the cloisters at the Olomouc Dome and the Church of Sts. Michael.

Churches
Halloween churches
In the top Gothic dominated the type of atrium three-nave churches with equally high ships, piled on the pillars. The most beautiful examples are St. Jakub in Kutná Hora, the parish church in Jindřichův Hradec, the church of St. Mikuláš in Jaroměř (with great reputation in Silesia), St. Nicholas Church in Znojmo, Church of Our Lady and presbytery of the Church of Sts. John the Baptist in Opava, the ruins of the monastery church in Panenský Týn, the church in Dvůr Králové nad Labem, the chapel of Boží tělo and the Holy Trinity Church in Kutná Hora,

Dvojlodní rožmberské kostely
In South Bohemia, the Rožmberk Manor has created a completely unique solution – double churches concealed on slender support in the construction axis. The most important building of this type is the Church of St. Jiljí in Trebon. Other examples include two churches in Soběslav, later converted churches in Miličín and Bavorov, in Moravia churches in Telč, Letovice and Velké Bíteš. A special case is the two-churches without presbytery (Domažlice, Havlíčkův Brod). Certain connections to this type include churches and chapels with a vault supported by medium support (Louči, Chapel of St. Nicholas in the church in Jindřichův Hradec, Vetlá, ossuary in Sedlec near Kutná Hora).

Single – Churches
Churches with a single ship form a very large group of buildings, represented, for example, by the Church of St. Kateřina in Olomouc, churches in Slavětín (above average), Sedlčany and Nezamyslice.

Churches with net vault
There was, among other things, a change in the concept of vaults in the Gothic Summit. The vaults lose their deep rhythm and dynamics, instead of their inertia and staticity. In addition to the rare use of the star vaults, the network vaults were widely spread, based on two parlerian sources. The first is the so-called “milev” type of mutually intersecting six-pointed stars, used for the first time to a small extent in the passage of the Old Town Bridge Tower and in perfect execution in the presbytery of the cemetery church of St. They live in Milevsko. The second is the so-called “St. Vitus” type, based on the vault of the presbytery of the cathedral. Welcome to the Prague Castle. Both types appear in one of the most sophisticated buildings of this period, the Church of St. Welcome to Český Krumlov. Other important churches of this type include the buildings in Klatovy, Libceves and Suchdol nad Lužnicí.

Town Buildings
Since the Gothic period, at least in the core, several thousand houses have been preserved in the Czech Republic. The most important buildings of this type belonged to the town hall (Old Town and Novoměstská, Prague, Kladno, Mělník, Litoměřice, Olomouc), the Prague Karolinum is also an exceptional building.

Top Gothic Castles
The construction of other castles and rebuilding of older castles continues in Luxembourg. Slim loudspeakers are replaced by prismatic towers, which gradually merge with the palaces’ buildings into clustered formations. Important castles of this time include the castles – Okoř, Kost, Velhartice, Lipnice, Kašperk, Radyně, Karlštejn, Dívčí Kámen, Helfenburk, Lower Veveří, Točník, Krakovec.

Late Gothic
The heyday of the High Gothic architecture in the Crown of Bohemia was stopped by the outbreak of the Hussite Wars in 1419. Many churches, monasteries and castles were burnt down and many new buildings were left unfinished by the builders, such as the St Vitus Cathedral at the Prague Castle. The amazing fortification system of the Hussite town Tábor is probably the only precious architectural work of that time. During the wars and many years after them there was not enough money to build any precious buildings. The only important monuments of that time in Prague are the Church of Our Lady before Týn in the Old Town of Prague (used as the main Hussite church in Bohemia) whose building continued after the wars and the higher tower of the gate of the Charles Bridge in the Lesser Town of Prague which was built at the expense of King George after 1464.

Jagiellonian Gothic
The bad situation of the Czech art caused by wars and political instability was improved after 1471 when a Catholic Polish prince Vladislaus Jagiellon (grandson of Bohemian Princess Elisabeth of Luxembourg granddaughter of Charles IV) became the new king of Bohemia and especially after 1485 when religious freedom was enacted (for Catholics and Hussites) and so the religious wars finally ended.

While the Renaissance style flourished in Italy and Western Europe and Hungary were under its influence, the Czech art returned in its style to the legacy of the old Gothic masters. Bohemia was not the only country which did not accept the Renaissance art very early and tried to develop the older Gothic style into new forms – it was also the case of Austria, Bavaria, Saxony or England (see Tudor architecture). Although they still used the Gothic style, they slowly started to mix it with some Renaissance elements.

The most important architect of the Czech Late Gothic style was Benedikt Rejt who worked for the King Vladislaus. He rebuilt the Prague Castle in the Late Gothic style and also used some Early Renaissance elements. Rejt’s masterpiece is the Vladislav Hall in the Old Royal Palace at the Prague Castle which was completed in 1502, and was at its time the largest secular vaulted space (without inner supporting columns) at least in Central Europe.

Benedikt Rejt completed the St. Barbara’s Church in Kutná Hora in the Late Gothic style using a vault very similar to the vault of the Vladislav Hall. This church has a typical Late Gothic tent roof.

Together with Hans Spiess Benedikt Rejt built the Royal Oratory in St. Vitus Cathedral at Prague Castle after 1490. The interesting vault of this oratory has naturalistically executed dry cut branches, tied with strong ropes at the top of arches, instead of usual ribs. Hans Spiess who came from Frankfurt am Main also rebuilt the royal Křivoklát Castle in central Bohemia.

Another important Late Gothic architect was Matěj Rejsek who was of Czech origin. He built the Powder Gate in Prague in 1475–84 which was inspired by the Old Town Bridge Tower.

In Brno was active Austrian architect Anton Pilgram where designed the very interesting portal of the Old Town Hall.

Example:

Castle Building – Spiess, Rejt
Vladislav II. The Jagiellon began to work on the completion of the uninhabited Prague Castle. In the lead of the castle, some prominent artists from German countries such as Hans Spiess and above all Benedict Rejt appeared. Under their leadership, the Royal Palace was completed at the Prague Castle, which was enriched by unique buildings – the audience hall, the Old House, the Ludvík wing, the Riding Stairs and, above all, the monumental Vladislav Hall with a circular vault. Hans Spiess has been involved in other businesses, such as the construction of a castle chapel at Křivoklát Castle or the construction of the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Mělník.

Benedict Ried left to Kutná Hora after stopping the work of the castlework (1511), where he closed the construction of St. Barbora. His stonemasons took part in a number of other buildings (stone houses, Kamenná kašna, Hrádek). At the end of his activity, Ried left the defense system of the South Bohemian castles Švihov, Rabí and Blatná.

Matěj Rejsek z Prostějova
Another important figure of the late Gothic was the Czech master Matěj Rejsek of Prostějov (1445-1506). After coming from Moravia, he entered the Old Town Stone Guild, where he participated in works at the Royal Court in the Old Town in Prague. Its most important building here has become the Powder Gate. After the King’s resettlement at Prague Castle (in 1489) he left for Kutná Hora, where he devoted himself (before Rejt) to the completion of the Cathedral of St. Barbora.

Rožmberská stavební hut
After the king’s resettlement in Buda, construction activity in Prague ceased. The artists parted in different directions, some of them found their way into the Rožmberk dominion in southern Bohemia. Petr z Rožmberka here legalized the building steelwork, which was subordinated to Passau (1497). During its activity, a number of unified and clean buildings were built. Some of them used conservative pre-Hussite patterns in the network vaults (Borovany monastery, churches in Žumberk and Horní Stropnice), especially new patterns with intersecting ribs and stucco ribs, which already only have a decorative function. These buildings include churches in Chvalšiny (early type) and Zátoni, double rooms in Kájov and Hořice in Šumava, high chambers in Dolní Dvořiště, Prachatice, Český Krumlov (minority monastery), Trhové Sviny and Rožmberk nad Vltavou. Outside of these main buildings there are eg churches in Suchdol nad Lužnicí, Přední Výtoň, Nové Hrady and others.

Buildings of the Lords of Hradec
In the area of Jindřichův Hradec, Telč and Slavonic, many valuable buildings were built at the end of the 15th century – Špulířská Chapel in the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Jindřichův Hradec, atrium doubles in the church of St. Jakub in Telč (early model for others), Český Rudolc, Lidéřovice, Slavonice, Cizkrajov, Pacov and the Old Town under Landštejn.

Northern Bohemia, cellar vault
In the area of Podkrušnohoří and Podkrkonoší there were artists from Prague’s works with artists coming from Saxony (Meissen, Annaberg). Within their activities, there were significant churches in Most and Chomutov, castles in Hrubý Rohoz and Benešov nad Ploučnicí.

From the area of Meissen there was also a new, complex type of vault – cellar (diamond), extremely decorative, without ribs. For the first time, it has been largely used to build a monastery in Kadani and has become a great inspiration that has spread to southern Bohemia (Bechyně, Soběslav, Tábor, Blatná, Bělčice, Nezamyslice, Horažďovice, Slavonice).

The Lords’ Buildings from Pernstein
At the end of the Gothic period, there was also a great construction boom in the Pernstejn estate in the East Bohemia. The most important buildings included castles Kunětická hora and Pardubice. In Pardubice, a building was built, which also contributed to the construction of the church of St. Nicholas in Louny, then built churches in Chrudim, Čáslav and Pernštejn. Several vaults have appeared on several buildings.

Late Gothic in Moravia, Pilgram
There have been significant construction companies in Moravia in three areas. The first was Znojmo in South Moravia, where the church of St. Nicholas. In the bishopric Olomouc, the three-nave atrium of the St. Morice in Olomouc. At the same slope of Moravian Gothic, Antonín Pilgram’s work is in Brno. His most important works include the local church of St. Jakub and the portal of the Old Town Hall with twisted violet. By leaving Pilgram to Vienna, the Gothic period ends in Moravia.

Source From Wikipedia