Ceramics gallery, Boshan Ceramics and Colored Glaze Art Museum

Boshan Ceramics colored glaze Art Museum was established in April 2006 and officially opened in September 2007. It is divided into the Ceramics Museum and the colored glaze Museum. The colored glaze Museum is located in Xie Street, Boshan District, covering an area of ​​2600 square meters. The company’s courtyard covers an area of ​​1,300 square meters. The ceramics museum exhibits include cultural relics collected by the Boshan District government, cultural relics collected by the society, and ceramic artworks provided by the Shandong Ceramics Company.

Boshan is the birthplace of Qi culture and is one of the five major ceramic producing areas in China. As early as 8000 years ago in the “post-Li culture” period, ceramic production began in Zibo. The museum is one of the modern ceramic museums with the largest display area, the most complete varieties and the highest display level in China.

Boshan Ceramics
According to research, Boshan ceramics first appeared in the late Neolithic period, and by the Song Dynasty, ceramic production had become famous all over the world. Zibo is one of the five largest porcelain capitals in China. Luyu porcelain, opal porcelain, high quartz porcelain, bone ash porcelain, synthetic bone ash porcelain and other daily-use ceramics have been designated by the country as Zhongnanhai Ziguang Pavilion and the State Council reception porcelain. Stereoscopic pastel pottery plates, carved porcelain, sculptures and crafts were used as gifts to foreign states.

Carved porcelain
It is the use of special tools to sculpt and chisel various images and patterns on the surface of porcelain and plates, and generally refers only to carving crafts carved on porcelain and porcelain plates.

Malachite green glaze
It is also known as “Fei Cui Glaze”, “Emerald Jade Glaze”, and “Jicui Glaze”. It is a low-temperature glaze with copper as a colorant. There are two shades of peacock green glaze.

Tea glaze
The glazed surface is devitrified, and the glaze color is yellow and green mixed with fine tea leaves. The green ones are called tea, and the yellow ones are called end. They are simple and beautiful and intriguing. Tea powder is one of the oldest crystalline glazes in China. In most cases, the standard sample is a brown-black base or a green-black base glaze. A natural yellow gold-green crystal point is scattered in the glaze.

Rain glaze
Formerly known as oil drip glaze, it was called “drop beads” in the ancient times, because the glaze is covered with radial circular crystals with a silver metallic luster, resembling a water circle pattern that emerges when raindrops fall into the water, and is mostly used to make tea sets and art utensils. Known as precious porcelain at home and abroad.

History
Boshan’s ceramics have a long history, and the domestic ceramic materials and fuel resources are abundant. According to archaeological research, ancestors of Boshan have begun to make earthenware, dig grounds and build kiln, and burn wood and pottery as early as 8000 years ago.

During the Dawenkou cultural period, the ancestors of Boshan invented the pottery car, using slow-wheel molding, and using white kaolin clay that is rich in local reserves to burn white pottery, indicating that the pottery industry at that time had a certain scale and level. During the Longshan period, Boshan ceramic industry has been independent of agricultural production and has the nature and scale of commodity production. By the Western Zhou, Eastern Zhou, Spring and Autumn, Warring States, and Qin and Han Dynasties, Boshan’s ceramic craftsmanship had significantly improved, and it was able to produce gray terracotta tiles for construction. Appearances of utensils such as red ear pottery cups for daily use.

In the Southern, Northern, Sui, and Tang dynasties, production of glazed porcelain, cloud glaze, white glaze, and black flower four-series bottles was started.

According to historical records, in the Song Dynasty (960-1280 AD) Boshan had porcelain production. According to the research on the inscriptions on the kiln temple in Chengbeidong Village and the excavation of the ancient kiln site in the south of the street, the vicinity of Beiling Village and the first area in the south of the street was a flourishing kiln yard in the Song Dynasty. At the time, the first kiln in the south of the street had begun to make porcelain such as raindrop glaze and tea-leaf glaze. The texture, shape and decoration of various ceramics were basically similar to those of the kiln village kiln in the Song Dynasty. The daily necessities such as bowls, plates, cups, cans, pillows, bottles, etc., are simple and magnificent in shape, simple and heavy, and full of change. The glaze color is mainly black glaze and blue glaze, and there are also white glaze and decorative earthen pattern or white ground pattern.

Among them, the mature celadon flowers (printing) with sophisticated craftsmanship are printed on the interior of bowls and dishes with bas-relief methods. The glaze is bright and the lines are clear. It has a simple and healthy, smooth and lively decorative art effect. It is comparable to the famous Yuezhou kiln products of Song Dynasty in China. In addition, a variety of vivid sculptures are produced, which fully demonstrates the high level of technology of Boshan ceramics in the Song Dynasty.

In the Yuan Dynasty, due to the war, the porcelain kiln was damaged and the development of Boshan kiln was slow. More than four hundred years from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty was the heyday of Boshan Ceramics.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Boshan took advantage of its superior natural conditions, abundant raw materials, fuel resources, and accumulation and progress of porcelain-making technology. In addition, since the Yuan Dynasty (until the second year), the town belonged to Yidu County, Qingzhou Prefecture. The number of local residents has gradually increased, and the glazed, coal, and iron smelting industries have risen one after another, and because of the “tools for eating and drinking, the world’s great use” has created conditions for the development of the ceramic industry, and soon became the center of the ceramic industry in this area.

According to research, at the time, Boshan had more than a dozen kiln yards from the city to the suburbs, twenty miles from Fangyuan. Among them, Beiling, South Street, Lijiayao, Shantou, Yaoguang, Badu, Wulong and Xihe are the main kiln yards. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were already thousands of potters with a considerable production scale. With the prosperity of the ceramic industry, Boshan has become a very prosperous industrial and commercial town.

By the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Boshan Ceramics had made great progress. And products have their own characteristics. Qianlong’s “Boshan County Chronicle” states: “Porcelain from Beiling, Shantou, Wudian, Yaoguang, Badu, and Xihe are called bowls, cups, bottle barriers, fish tanks, pots, cans. “It can be seen that at that time, Boshan had formed a variety of concentrated ceramic production areas.

With the development of production, there are also prosperous porcelains in the towns, kiln goods set up a market, and merchants gather. In addition to the products sold outside the country, and a large number of outbound shipments, they are sold well in all parts of the province and in Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, and northeastern provinces.

After the Opium War, foreign capitalism invaded, on the one hand, the natural economic foundation was destroyed, and a large number of family handicraft workshops went bankrupt; on the other hand, the development of the commodity economy stimulated some well-capitalized kiln owners or bureaucratic capital to develop the ceramic industry. Boshan appeared The government-run kiln factory and capitalist handicraft workshops were established. In the thirty-first year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1905), Huang Zihua, the antique dealer of the Shandong Arts and Crafts Institute, established the Crafts and Crafts Institute in Xiahe Street, Boshan to study and improve the production of ceramics, and restored the tea glaze of the Song Dynasty. The research and improvement of coloring, baking, painting and antique porcelain all played a certain role.

In modren times, Boshan gradually developed into one of China’s five major ceramic production areas. In 1956, the city’s 88 private kiln factories all completed public-private partnerships. After the implementation of corporate reorganization, joint ventures and factories. Boshan Shantou Regional Public-Private Joint Venture Plant was merged into Shandong Zibo Kiln Plant (renamed Shandong Boshan Ceramics Plant in April 1957); Wulong Regional Joint Venture Plant was merged into Public-Private Joint Venture Dingfeng Kiln Plant (renamed twice later, changed to April 1966) Publicly-owned and renamed Zibo Industrial Ceramics Factory in December); Fushan Regional Joint Venture Factory was established as Fushan Kiln Factory (in August 1959, it was changed to public-owned and renamed Shandong Fushan Ceramics Factory).

In contemporary times, the production of ceramics in Boshan has gone its own way in terms of porcelain, glaze, modeling, decoration, etc. There are daily-use ceramics, industrial ceramics, sanitary ceramics, building ceramics, chemical ceramics, and fine arts. Ceramics, garden ceramics, electric ceramics and various special ceramics. Opal porcelain, ivory porcelain, Lu jade porcelain, gem porcelain, Lu Cui porcelain, high quartz porcelain, bone china, synthetic bone gray porcelain are all innovative fine porcelains for daily use.

The fine art ceramics and carved porcelain, sculptures, and colored pottery paintings made with raindrop glazes not only shine the brilliant tradition of Boshan ceramics, but also show the achievements of modern technology. Lu Yu porcelain, opal porcelain, high quartz porcelain, bone gray porcelain, synthetic bone gray porcelain and other daily ceramics have been designated by the country as Zhongnanhai Ziguang Pavilion, the State Council reception porcelain; stereoscopic pastel pottery plate, carved porcelain, sculpture crafts, by the country The leaders won honors for the motherland with gifts given to foreign heads of state during their visits.

It is said that on some maps, in the Boshan area, the pattern of “small kiln” is marked. The influence and dialogue of Boshan Ceramics in the world can be seen. Boshan Ceramics is playing an increasingly important role in human production, life, and scientific research.

Architecture
The exhibition hall is divided into foreword area, comprehensive exhibition area, ancient and modern exhibition area, modern exhibition area, ceramic art creation area, ceramic boutique sales area, and Chinese and foreign ceramic master works exhibition area. Among the ancient exhibits are famous Zibo ceramics, such as the Bei Dynasty blue-glazed lotus statues at home and abroad, Song Dynasty glazes, tea-leaf glazes, twisted-money porcelain, and powder-rod porcelain. Bowls, Geyao bowls and other rare treasures. Modern exhibits are classified and displayed according to different uses and artistic styles, including building ceramics, garden art ceramics, sanitary ceramics, daily-use ceramics, artistic ceramics, modern ceramics, carved porcelain and high-tech ceramics, showing the highest art of Zibo ceramics. Level and development achievements. In the pottery creation area “Tao Yuan”, visitors can also make it on-site.

The Boshan Ceramics Museum is divided into the Ceramics Museum and the colored glaze Museum. The colored glaze Museum is located in Xiye Street, Boshan District, with an area of ​​2,600 square meters. The Ceramic Museum is located in the Provincial Ceramics Company, with an area of ​​1,300 square meters.

The colored glaze Museum is equipped with sound, light, and electrical systems, and is equipped with a projector and VCD television broadcasting equipment. The exhibition area is 2000 square meters. The museum has set up ancient glass exhibition areas, modern glass exhibition areas, modern glass exhibition areas, and world glass exhibition areas. There are more than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics, ancient glass, and arts and crafts at all levels. The lifelike “Underwater World” and the living “Animal Kingdom” are the first glass professional museums in China.

Ceramic Museum, with an exhibition area of ​​1,300 square meters, and more than 1,000 exhibits, as far as Dawenkou, Majiayao, and Longshan culture, and other ancient civilizations, as well as various artworks produced by Boshan Modern, ceramic museum exhibition area It is divided into five parts: preface, leadership care, ancient pottery unearthed in the Boshan area, ancient pottery unearthed in the Yellow River Basin, and modern pottery. It represents both the degree of civilization of ancient ceramic art and the artistic level of modern Boshan ceramics.

The exhibits collected by the colored glaze Museum include some cultural relics collected by the Boshan District Government, glazed exhibits provided by Zibo Fine Glazed Company, glazed exhibits provided by Zibo Aimei Glazed Company, glazed exhibits provided by Zibo Yiyuange Company, and culturally collected cultural relics. The collection includes ancient glass, modern glass sculptures, fine interior paintings, glass products, thermoformed modern glass sculptures, and modern glass sculptures.

Collection
Since the Neolithic post-Li culture for more than 8,000 years, more than 2,500 pieces (sets) of various ceramics have been unearthed, produced and collected in Zibo, including 249 ancient exhibits.

The Boshan Ceramics and Glazed Art Museum has a collection of more than 2000 pieces in the categories of ceramics and colored glazes. The important collections of the colored glaze Museum include the old artist Xue Jingwan’s “Peace Spring” inner painting bottle, the Chinese arts and crafts master Li Kechang’s “Luoyang Xing Dian Tu” inner painting bottle, the Shandong painting school’s originator Bi Rongjiu’s inner painting snuff bottle, and the Bo The most representative works of the mountain arts and crafts masters; the important collections of the ceramics museum are some ancient ceramics and modern ceramics, such as raindrop glazes, tea glazes and other precious glazes. Among them are two pieces of pottery from the Dawenkou cultural period and the exquisite eggshell pottery from the Longshan cultural period, which are the most precious of the black pottery.

Highlights

Eggshell Pottery
The history of porcelain production in Boshan can be traced back to the late Neolithic Period. At that time, the ancestors of Boshan had begun to knead soil and mud to make utensils, dig the ground to build kilns, and burn firewood to make pottery in Shima, South Boshan, Yuanquan, Penquan and other places.

In the Song Dynasty, the porcelain production in Boshan reached its peak. The scale kept expanding with more and more newly built firing points, and the most prosperous kilns were located in Beiling and the south of Dajie.

Kilns in the south of Dajie have begun to make products of “raindrop glaze” and “tea dust glaze”.

Double Dragons Bottle
“Raindrop glaze” is named for the radial round crystals with silver metallic luster within the glaze, which resemble the round ripple when raindrops fall into the water.

Originated in the kilns along the Boshan Dajie during the Northern Song Dynasty, the manufacturing technique was lost in the late Yuan Dynasty. It was not until 1936 that Hou Xianghui, a famous ceramic artist in Boshan, managed to resume raindrop glazed ceramics after years of experiment.

Tea Dust Glaze
Tea dust glaze originated in the mid-Tang Dynasty and developed in the late Tang Dynasty. It was named for its fine, tea dust-like flaky crystals. It looks simple but elegant. The dark ones are called “crab shell green” and the light ones are “eel yellow”.

Sancai of Song Dynasty
The texture, shape and decoration of various ceramic products are excellent. Most of the products are bowls, plates, cups, cans, pillows and other daily necessities that have simple and thick shape and are rich in change.

White Glazed Bowl
There is a circle of scraping glaze in the center of the white glazed bowl, which reflects the common style of folk kiln products in the northern area.

Twisted Ceramic Bowl
To make a twisted ceramic bowl, knead two or more different colors of porcelain clay together, twist and throw to form it, pour transparent glaze on the surface and then fire. Because of the different ways of twisting clay, the texture changes infinitely. It can twist out wood pattern, bird feather pattern, moire pattern and flowing water pattern, some of them are like old trees twining and twisting, some of them are like hills and mountains rising and falling. There are always ingenious and changeable works produced by this technique.

Ceramic Jar with Powder Bars
The glaze color is given priority to black glaze and green glaze, as well as decoration such as engraving ornaments with makeup soil or white ground and black flowers, etc.

Mr. Feng Xianming believes that “black glazed jar with lines, together with a small number of cylinders and bowls, are the most representative products of Boshan kiln. This kind of decoration can be seen in Hebei and Henan kilns, but Boshan kiln has the products with the best quality. The glaze is black and bright, and the vertical powder under the glaze forms straight lines with various arrangement, which is a speciality of Boshan kiln.

Celadon Bowl
Celadon glaze is the earliest color glaze of Chinese porcelain. It is not purely blue, mostly with yellow, grey or green. The celadon glaze made in Boshan kiln in the Ming Dynasty has a rather uniform and clean color.

In the early Yuan Dynasty, with the development of cities and towns, the number of local residents gradually increased, and glass, coal and iron industries rose one after another, which created better conditions for the development of ceramic industry. Boshan quickly became the ceramic production center of the area.

Four Handled Vase
The porcelains of the Yuan Dynasty have some unique shapes, such as this four-handled black vase, which has a single color and a heavy feel. All these were influenced by the social conditions of that time, with continuous wars and slow development of industry and commerce.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the ceramic production in Boshan was in the trough, and was restored and developed after the mid-Ming.

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Boshan ceramic production has developed rapidly and kept innovating in terms of glaze color, shape and decoration.

Milky white porcelain, Ivory porcelain, Lu Yu porcelain, gem porcelain, Lu Cui porcelain, High quartz porcelain, Bone china, Synthetic bone ash porcelain are all innovative fine porcelain for daily use.

Ivory Colored Tableware
This is a new kind of high temperature yellow glaze invented after the War of Liberation in China. The glaze is pure, elegant, light and clean, similar to Ivory color, so it is called “ivory yellow” in Chinese.

Etched Gold Tableware
Vase, tea set, tableware and other high-grade fine porcelain decorated with acid gold etching technique have an elegant and magnificent artistic effect.

Our Wills Unite Like a Fortress
Porcelain carving is an amazing artcraft in Zibo ceramic art which developed from the 1970s. Early techniques were mainly single-line sketching, which was elegant but difficult to show the different gradations of the work. Later, Boshan’s ceramic carving artists gradually integrated skills of traditional Chinese painting into the ceramic carving techniques, such as the ingenious use of points, lines, planes as well as black, white and gray. At the same time, they learned from oil painting, printmaking and other artistic forms to create a large number of excellent works.

“Snow Welcomes Spring” Bottle
Ceramic industry, as a representative traditional industry of Boshan, is still developing and innovating after thousands of years.

Boshan Ceramics and Colored Glaze Art Museum
Boshan Ceramic Glaze Art Center is a national AAAA-level scenic cultural industry project. The main buildings include the Renli Glaze Art Museum, Boshan Art Exhibition Hall, Boshan Ceramics Museum, Renli Ceramic Glaze Experience Hall, Ceramic Masters Hall of Fame, and Renli Glaze. Exhibition hall, colored glaze master studio.

Ceramics are a symbol of Chinese culture. With its unique charm, the China Ceramic Museum has spread far and wide at home and abroad, and has become a bright pearl in the treasure house of world culture and art. At the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qi Guoshi set up a “Tao Zheng” official to manage the production of pottery. Around the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ceramic production in Zibo area completed the transition from pottery to porcelain. During the Tang and Song dynasties, Zibo produced a number of influential ceramics. The celadon ware in the Zhaili kiln, the black glazed porcelain in the Cicun kiln, and the twisted-pot porcelain and color bottles in the Boshan kiln were all famous. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zibo Ceramic Museum’s products were thick and heavy, forming a ceramic production and sales center represented by Boshan. After the founding of New China, on the basis of inheriting and developing traditional skills, Zibo Ceramics has developed new types of porcelain such as talc porcelain, high feldspar porcelain, high quartz porcelain, and synthetic bone china. The art of carving porcelain is unique. Formed a new feature of Zibo ceramics.

The Boshan Ceramics Museum actively carries out the theme practice activities for young people to visit the ceramics and colored glaze exhibition for free, so that young people can understand the history of Boshan ceramics glazing and conduct moral education; use television, newspapers, radio and other media to promote the International Museum Day and World Cultural Heritage Day. Expand the public awareness of ceramics and colored glaze culture.