In the collective memory of the Ming and Qing literati, Suzhou has an irreplaceable historical and cultural position. This is not only because Suzhou is a beautiful mountain in the mountains and rivers, but also in the south of the Yangtze River; the famous cultural relics, the humanities of the group Yan Wangyang; the bustling city of merchants and department stores; the more concrete and sensory is the crane of the elk The ancient feelings, the genius of the talented and beautiful, the sage of the sinister gentleman, and the poor and sturdy of the clothes house, the demanding work of the food utensils, the constant dance yangko of the eucalyptus, and the banquet of the banquet Such urban impressions of Suzhou’s material culture and consumer life. The sacred jade in these collective memories, the concept of Suzhou in the minds of the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, is the abbot of the world’s literati culture, and the host of the world’s elegant activities.

In the memory of many literati at that time, the human geographer of Xu Xiake, who is also known as the Gemini constellation, was the author of the following comments on the experience of traveling the whole country. The following are true and fair: “Gusu people are intelligent Good ancient, also good antique law for it, the painting and calligraphy of Linyi, the tripod of the smelting, can make the true meaning of the truth. Also good at the right to advance and retreat in the sea, the Su people think that the elegant, then the Quartet is elegant, the common However, it is customary, and its appreciation products are fine, so things can not be violated. Another example is Zhaitou Qing play, several cases, bed, nearly all of them are red sandalwood and rosewood, still primitive and not carved, that is, things There are carvings, also in the style of Shang, Zhou, Qin and Han, which are especially effective in the sea. This is also the Jia, Long, and Wansan dynasties. As for the inch of bamboo and stone, it is very powerful. Such as Lu Yuyu’s jade horse, Xiaoguan’s fan, Zhao Liangzhu’s forging, winning contest, salty regardless of money, a few things demon, but also a vulgar.”

Exhibition hall

Carved
Bamboo, wood, teeth, horns and gold, stone, jade and even fruit shells and fruits are the same craftsmanship. There is no strict division of labor. Most of them are stationery or desks. They are the most intimate of the Ming and Qing literati. The good things to play, is also the Sven carrier of literati and craft alliance, especially bamboo, wood, stone, not too weak literati do not even have to fake hands, directly sway the stylus of the shackles. Most of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are concentrated in the benefits of the rivers and lakes, and the Jiangnan area of the sea and land, here is the origin of the bamboo timber chapter, the distribution center of red sandalwood, agarwood, rosewood and ivory, rhinoceros and other exotic products. District is the mainstream area for leisure culture. The Qing dynasty Yuan dynasty divided the bamboo art carvings into two factions. It began in Jinling, Zhong Zhongqian, and began in Jiading Zhusong. From the memory of the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhai Zhongqian’s unconstrained aesthetic concept and the “Tao Yu Meng Yi” in the “Tao Yu Meng Yi” see Jia Zhu, Jia Rhino, and self-contained. Although the robbing of the tyrannical, the singularity of the singer, the endless demeanor of the famous scholars; Zhu Song, the good-looking paintings and calligraphy, the ancient shackles, the brushwork method of the “Shenlong shallow depth” of the artistic taste and the perfection of people, the singularity The literati temperament is no different from the true literati, but the name of the literary name is hidden.

Elegant of literature
The Ming and Qing literati who pay attention to leisure, pay attention to taste and pursue the style, are really embarrassed about the good and elegant style of the Chinese room utensils. Ming Gaochun’s “Zunsheng Gossip” said: “Study equipment, non-playing things, etc.. Ancient people cloud: pen fine ink, life is a joy.” In the four treasures of the Wenfang, headed by 砚, and lake pen, Hui ink, rice paper And the end, the 歙砚, is the famous brand. Suzhou Lingyan Village is also known as the name of the nickname, but it is not in the stream; Gu Erniang is reluctant to sell his skills. The non-Duanxi old pit Jiashi refuses to play the knife, so the forensic coffin is its director. It only needs to point the stone on the toes, that is, it can distinguish between good and bad, and this kind of rendering has legend. The stunts of color, at that time, there was a singer saying: “Jade refers to Jinlian as the bottom, the ink is still with powder and flowers.” Stationery in addition to pen and ink, Ming Tulong “Stationery Yabian” also lists forty-three articles Auxiliary appliances such as pens, pen holders, pen washes, etc., which are not common today, are the genus of Beiguang, Yi, and Yun, and even scissors, Ruyi, mirror, etc., which are introduced and defined one by one. Elegant and vulgar, it is a vast and edgy master of elegance. The sorghum is used as a stationery in various Qin and Han antiques, and it becomes a practical and practical, and it is elegant and versatile.

Leisurely sent
In addition to appreciating famous objects, incense and playing the piano, the taste of the spring, and the literary wine, the jade is used to help the customs, and in addition to helping the Qing, the insects listen to birds, Boaopu, and even the sensual colors, which are also occasionally released by the Ming and Qing literati. Leisure, play with the nature of the game, you can also play exquisite and elegant, do not contaminate some of the city’s custom atmosphere. Brawling, feeding, livestock, raising fish, and Americans are necessary. The pots are best made by the Suzhou Tomb, and the best ones are made by Xuande Royal Kiln. The Ming Dynasty Shen Defu said: “This Xuande pot is very valuable, its price does not reduce the propaganda and basin.” The gongs were also reinvented, and the carvings were honed and sleek, with the Ming Dynasty’s nesting singer being able to do things; Fan Yi was invented by Kangxi’s eunuch Liang Jigong. The bird cage is made of fine wood; the fish tank is called the kiln. Incense and tea are the hallmarks of the Ming Dynasty literati. Xuande furnace, Yangshuo pot, plus a large number of affiliated professional instruments, seemingly extravagant and extravagant, but on the material, nothing more than copper tin, sand, take its application Elegant. In the Qing Dynasty, the good incense was replaced by snuff, and it was refined in the instrument. To the Qianlong Dynasty, the colorfulness of the snuff bottle was a great achievement of the ancient and modern crafts, and the appearance of the Suzhou-colored jade carving snuff bottle in the same year. There is a sense of reincarnation.

Good at business
The fifth day of the first month of the lunar calendar is the God of Wealth. According to legend, this day is the birth of the god of wealth. In ancient times, there were five monks, namely, the worship gate, the household, the row, the stove, and the five gods in the middle. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the god of the road was used as the god of wealth. Because there is something in the road god, north and south, and five roads, then the god of wealth also has five roads of wealth. QING DYNASTY•Qi Lu’s “Qing Jia Lu” contains: “On the 5th, for the birthday of the Lutou God (that is, the God of Wealth), the golden gongs and firecrackers, the ancestors of the ancestors, and the smashing of the city, will start early and welcome the road. Cai Yun’s “Wu Yu” Cloud: On the 5th, the source of the five-day source, one year’s wish is a reward. Watch out for other things to greet the gods early, and rush to grab the road overnight.” This set of small ornaments is the fifth day of the lunar calendar to meet the god of wealth It combines a variety of traditional Suzhou crafts such as mahogany, clay sculpture, jade carving, embroidery, etc. It is a concentrated expression of Suzhou craftsmanship.

Splendid life
Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jiangnan has been one of the centers of silk industry in China, and it has been known as the “clothing by the world”. At that time, the weaving organization of the official camp was also heavily relied on by Jiangning, Suzhou and Hangzhou. Among them, the Suzhou Weaving Bureau, in addition to special use, official weaving and dyeing, embroidered and smashed clothing, also served as court excess material since the Qing Dynasty. The marketing, so from the “court-like, Suzhou craftsman” as “Suzhou-like, Guangzhou craftsman” time, you can see the changes in the social and cultural trends promoted by the Suzhou Weaving Bureau. Suzhou’s large number of privately-owned machines are also the crown of the world, and its products are comparable to the official fabrics; Su embroidery also borrows the essence of Luxiangyuan Gu embroidery, and the needles are sharp and sharp, so the Ming Dynasty Zhang Wei called “Wu Uniform and Hua, I thought it was not Fuwen; Wu was beautiful and beautiful, thinking that it was not Fuzhen. Quartet heavy Wu clothing and Wu Yigong in service, Quartet heavy Wu instrument and Wu Yigong in the device”, it is the pen of spring and autumn. As a major city in the southeast, Suzhou in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was the center of material and cultural consumption at that time, and it was the birthplace of fashion, taste and popularity. Clothing as a representation of politics, economy, and culture, a symbol, is the most famous.

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Song painting
Suzhou from the money to the country Wu Yue to the two Songs, a little excused from the difficulties, so the material of the shackles, the well-being of the well, the crown of the cover, the character of the prosperity, leaping and the southeast crown, its cultural influence, since The deeper the farther. Pei-Ming’s architects felt that the Song-style study was to uncover the connotation of the Jiangnan literati culture in the Song Dynasty, so that future generations could look down on it. This non-Liu Yuxi’s diverticulum is self-satisfied, taking the elegant people of the Minan Palace, and the grassy halls are harmonious, and the sorrows are sparse and green, the filming is scattered, the Linchi ink opera, the 厥泉石, the pottery smog, if nothing will happen. He entrusted Professor Zhu Guangya from Southeast University to take charge of the matter and completed the construction of Suzhou Cultural Relics Ancient Construction Company. Ink Theatre Tang Songzhai three six-story, wide two feet four feet, deep one foot eight feet (Song creation ruler), Song-style Jiangnan folk hall building, large wooden frame with 梓, 栎, 榉 all materials, with “four 椽柎The casket is made of three-column halls, and the porch is connected with columns to highlight the regional characteristics of the Song-style architecture. All forks, footrests, humps, eagle mouths, etc. are available; columns, buckets, Column foundation, etc., also has a purpose. The doors and windows are the two clear lattice doors of Song “Building French”, which is slightly improved. The wall is made of bamboo and muddy walls, and the mud is plastered. The roof of the roof is the requirement of Mr. Bei’s management based on the beauty. The natural forest springs of the “Wenxing cut for Liang, the fragrant Mao knot for the yu” of the Wang Mobichuan Biye Wen Xing Pavilion, Red thatch is being pursued. The ground is made of pottery urns with a keel as the point keel, and the ruins of the pavilion are also made. The home has a couch, a table, a chair, a fragrant couple, a high-foot box, a round stool, a light stand, etc., all of which are seen in the Song painting, and are custom-made by Suzhou Xuan Xuan. The courtyard is dominated by stone viewing, supplemented by stone lamps, stone tables, and fragrant plants, which are simple and elegant. The completion of the ink opera hall Song Zhai, the beauty of the wheel, the beauty, the viewers have their own experience, and the rules and craftsmanship, are the first choice, no regrets.

Treasure of reading space
How to construct a vulgar reading space, and with elegant furniture and utensils, to operate a world of study and beauty, which has become a literary person since the mid-Ming Dynasty, even become a book A more important pursuit in itself. We can still feel the specific connotation of this elegant literati’s elegant lifestyle from the large number of scholars’ reciting works at that time, and even the details of the literary grace. Born in Suzhou Fengya Shijia’s late Ming Wen Zhenheng, with the 12 volumes of “Long Story”, it is divided into chambers, flowers, water stones, poultry, paintings, several couches, genus of goods, location, clothing, boat, Fruits and vegetables, toon, etc., one of which records more than 20 pieces of furniture, one has a detailed shape, size, decoration and practice, and a set of volumes to discuss the interior furnishings, beautify the function, plan the elegant, its “follow It is the consensus of the literati at that time that the square image is suitable, the Ninggu is timeless, the Ningpu is incompetent, and the Ning is unconventional. This is the cultural factor formed by the so-called “Ming-style furniture” style in later generations, and also the origin of the literati temperament of “Ming-style furniture”.

Treasure of Ceramics
When the wind of antiques appreciation gradually became a kind of social fashion and stunned in the wild, the Ming and Qing literati participated in the process of marketization of antiques with its refined cultural capital of forensic products, and even became an advantage in the intermediation, and even became a definition. Elegance, the leader of manipulating the wind. The antiques are rare and the day is small. The ancient kiln is fragile and fragile, and the supply and demand tend to be out of balance. Some of the wonderful counterfeits and even the delicate “time play” can be filled in a lot. The new darling of the market, worth a hundred times. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Wang Shizhen and Shen Defu expressed their dissatisfaction with the paintings and paintings of Shen Zhou and other scholars, and Xuande, Yongle and Chenghua’s time kiln, and they all referred to the Wu people, and the Hui people waved. This also precisely shows that the literati in the dilemma of the merchants’ mutual grammar, which in turn prompts the literati to constantly reinterpret and dialect the vulgar, and the merchants are more and more closely following the wiping of the middle line, which seems to be repeated. Now it seems that Ming and Qing porcelain as “time play” is not inferior to antiques, Ming Yongle, Xuande, Wanli blue and white, Chenghua’s fighting color, Wanli’s multicolored, and even the Qingkang, 雍, dry three generations of painting The color glaze porcelain is nothing but the exquisite beauty that the ancients can hardly imagine. Its classic charm is very moving at any time. At that time, the Suzhou literati, who was the most popular in the world, had an open mind and a forward-looking strength.

Jade skill
Suzhou specializes in alleys, in the history of Chinese jade craft development, very valuable, because the most famous milled jade center in the Ming Dynasty is here, China’s most prestigious jade hand Lu Zigang is also here. In “Suzhou Fuzhi” and “Taicang State Records”, there are records about the jade workers Lu Zigang. At that time, the Fengya class in the Jiangnan area, such as Xu Wei, Wen Zhenheng, Wang Shizhen, Chen Jiru, Zhang Wei, etc., also sought his attack. Jade stunts, extended to celebrities. Lu Zigang is also really not arrogant, and the rule of Yu, is to be like Wen Pengzhi, as the name of the pen, and this respect and persistence of the right to sign, it seems like a literati style. The most prestigious jade-grown center in the Qing Dynasty is still in the lanes, and the inner court jade craftsmen are also from here. The emperor’s jade is still here. Qianlong also once praised the poem: “The phase system is applied to the section, and the special lanes are used to benefit the whole hand.” The southern section of Tuen Mun has been from the alleys to the Xueshi Street. Since then, the jade has been rowed; the Tuen Mun suspension bridge area, then the jade The stalls are lined up. The Zhouwang Temple in Tuen Mun was the jade industry office at that time. It was called “Zhujing Jade Industry Office”. Every year from September 14th to 16th, a temple fair was held to create a business culture and to learn from each other. The jade workers were born. For example, Xu Hong, Zhu Hongjin, and Song and Wei in the late Qing Dynasty.

Suzhou Museum
The Suzhou Museum has more than 40,000 pieces of collections. It features excavated cultural relics, Ming and Qing paintings and ancient handicrafts as collections, and has won many “Wu Di Yao Zhen”. It is a collection that best reflects Wudi culture.

Founded in New Year’s Day in 1960, Suzhou Museum is a comprehensive local museum and a collection of cultural relics, conservation, research, exhibitions and education in Suzhou. There are 18,234 pieces of cultural relics in the Suzhou Museum, including 222 pieces/sets of first-class products, 829 pieces/sets of second-class products, and 8,957 pieces/sets of third-class products, especially the archaeological unearthed cultural relics, Ming and Qing paintings and calligraphy, and crafts. In addition, the Suzhou Museum also houses 3,128 volumes of 725 species of ancient books, and 32,155 species of 102,156 books, which are the key protection units for ancient books in China.

The Suzhou Museum site is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It is the most complete set of historical buildings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. In 1999, the Suzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government invited the world-renowned Chinese architect Bei Yuming to design the new museum of Suzhou Museum. On October 6, 2006, the new museum of Suzhou Museum was completed and officially opened to the public. The new building covers an area of about 10,700 square meters and a building area of over 19,000 square meters. Together with the newly renovated Taiping Tianguo Zhongwang Palace, the total construction area is 26,500 square meters, which constitutes a scenic spot with the adjacent Humble Administrator’s Garden and Lion Forest. A colorful cultural corridor.

For nearly half a century, the Suzhou Museum has been rated as a provincial and municipal civilized unit model and a municipal civilized service demonstration window. The basic work of various businesses is standardized and academic research is fruitful. After opening to the public free of charge in 2008, the Suzhou Museum is committed to promoting excellent culture and serving the public. It strives for all work to “contribute to the inheritance of traditional civilization and regional civilization, to promote the image of the city and the improvement of the city’s taste, and to benefit the people. Cultural enjoyment and the needs of the community residents’ livelihoods, more than 100 special exhibitions were held. In 2018, there were more than 3.18 million audiences at home and abroad, and a total of 556 social education activities were held. The overall satisfaction rate of the audience was 95.27%.

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