Category Archives: Academic

Digital morphogenesis

Digital morphogenesis is a type of generative art in which complex shape development, or morphogenesis, enabled by computation. This concept is applicable in many areas of design, art, architecture, and modeling. The concept was originally developed in the field of biology, later in geology, geomorphology, and architecture. In architecture, it describes tools and methods for creating forms and adapting them to a known environment. Stanislav Roudavski describes it as similar to biological morphogenesis: developing gradually, without an explicit definition of the methods of growth or adaptation. Parallels can be seen in emergent properties and self-organization.” Developments in digital morphogenesis have allowed construction and analysis of structures in more detail than could have been put into a blueprint or model by hand, with structure at all levels defined by iterative algorithms. As fabrication techniques advance, it is becoming possible to produce objects with fractal or other elaborate structures. “In this inclusive…

Victimless Leather

Victimless Leather – a prototype of a stitch-less jacket, grown from cell cultures into a layer of tissue supported by a coat shaped polymer layer. This is a sub-project of the Tissue Culture & Art Project where the artists are growing a leather jacket without killing any animals. Growing the victimless leather problematizes the concept of garment by making it semi-living. This artistic grown garment is intended to confront people with the moral implications of wearing parts of dead animals for protective and aesthetic reasons and confronts notions of relationships with manipulated living systems. Tissue Culture & Art Project The SymbioticA website explains what it is, “an artistic laboratory dedicated to the research, learning, critique and hands-on engagement with the life sciences.”. The artists work with tissue, constructing and growing complex organisms that can live outside the body, making the new objects semi-living. Their projects are meant to question life,…

RYB color model

RYB (an abbreviation of red–yellow–blue) is a historical set of colors used in subtractive color mixing and is one commonly used set of primary colors. It is primarily used in art and design education, particularly painting. RYB predates modern scientific color theory, which has determined that cyan, magenta, and yellow are the best set of three colorants to combine, for the widest range of high-chroma colors. Color wheel RYB (red–yellow–blue) make up the primary color triad in a standard artist’s color wheel. The secondary colors purple–orange–green (sometimes called violet–orange–green) make up another triad. Triads are formed by three equidistant colors on a particular color wheel. Other common color wheels represent the light model (RGB) and the print model (CMYK). History Le Blon’s 1725 description of mixing red, yellow, and blue paints or printing inks The first known instance of the RYB triad can be found in the work of Franciscus…

String Art

String art, or pin and thread art, is characterized by an arrangement of colored thread strung between points to form geometric patterns or representational designs such as a ship’s sails, sometimes with other artist material comprising the remainder of the work. Thread, wire, or string is wound around a grid of nails hammered into a velvet-covered wooden board. Though straight lines are formed by the string, the slightly different angles and metric positions at which strings intersect gives the appearance of Bézier curves (as in the mathematical concept of envelope of a family of straight lines). Quadratic Bézier curve are obtained from strings based on two intersecting segments. Other forms of string art include Spirelli, which is used for cardmaking and scrapbooking, and curve stitching, in which string is stitched through holes. The thread is a technique that is characterized by the use of colored wires, strings or tensioned wires…

Fractal Art

Fractal art is a form of algorithmic art created by calculating fractal objects and representing the calculation results as still images, animations, and media. Fractal art developed from the mid-1980s onwards. It is a genre of computer art and digital art which are part of new media art. The mathematical beauty of fractals lies at the intersection of generative art and computer art. They combine to produce a type of abstract art. Fractal art is a form of algorithmic art that consists of producing images, animations and even music from fractal objects. Fractal art developed from the mid-1980s. Fractal art is rarely drawn or painted by hand, but rather created using computers, which are indeed able to calculate fractal functions and generate images from them. It is also the appearance of computers that has allowed the development of this art because it requires a lot of computing power. Fractal art…

Fourth dimension in art

New possibilities opened up by the concept of four-dimensional space (and difficulties involved in trying to visualize it) helped inspire many modern artists in the first half of the twentieth century. Early Cubists, Surrealists, Futurists, and abstract artists took ideas from higher-dimensional mathematics and used them to radically advance their work. The idea of the fourth dimension is conveyed at the beginning of the twentieth century by the most diverse channels. A field of work in the exact sciences, it has been distributed by Poincaré publications to a wide audience. The fourth dimension quickly became a favorite subject of popular mathematics, science fiction, esotericism and art. It could be called the hyperspace philosophy. The representations of the mathematical vulgarizations of the higher dimensions give rise to a flowering of illustrations of geometric solids all more complicated than the others. N – dimensional geometries and non – Euclidean geometries are two…

Mathematics and fiber arts

Ideas from Mathematics have been used as inspiration for fiber arts including quilt making, knitting, cross-stitch, crochet, embroidery and weaving. A wide range of mathematical concepts have been used as inspiration including topology, graph theory, number theory and algebra. Some techniques such as counted-thread embroidery are naturally geometrical; other kinds of textile provide a ready means for the colorful physical expression of mathematical concepts. Counted-thread embroidery is any embroidery in which the fabric threads are counted by the embroiderer before inserting the needle into the fabric. Evenweave fabric is usually used; it produces a symmetrical image as both warp and weft fabric threads are evenly spaced. The opposite of counted-thread embroidery is free embroidery. Stranded mathematical objects include Platonic solids, Klein bottles and the child’s face. Lorenz was created using manifold and hyperbolic plane claws. The work of hyperbolic plane crochet was embroidered by the decoration institute of the designs…

Stippling

Stippling is the creation of a pattern simulating varying degrees of solidity or shading by using small dots. Such a pattern may occur in nature and these effects are frequently emulated by artists. The Stippling, also puncture stitch, puncture engraving or Opus Mallei is a graphic gravure printing process. The pictorial representation does not result from lines or surfaces, but only from points in different thickness and density, which result in a grid. In modern graphics, this technique is rare. The engraving process puncture is to be distinguished from the etching method puncturing manner. For the puncture, punctiform depressions are made in the pressure plate, which usually consists of a brightly polished copper plate, resulting in different brightnesses. For the puncturing style these depressions are engraved in a hard ground applied to this pressure plate and then etched into the pressure plate with acid. Different magnitudes result from how closely…

Concrete art

Concrete art was an art movement with a strong emphasis on geometrical abstraction. The term was first formulated by Theo van Doesburg and was then used by him in 1930 to define the difference between his vision of art and that of other abstract artists of the time. After his death in 1931, the term was further defined and popularized by Max Bill, who organized the first international exhibition in 1944 and went on to help promote the style in Latin America. The term was taken up widely after World War 2 and promoted through a number of international exhibitions and art movements. Concrete art is an art movement with a strong emphasis on abstraction The artist Theo van Doesburg, closely associated with the De Stijl art movement, coined the term “concrete art” as he in 1930 founded the group Art Concret and articulated its features in a manifesto titled…

Precisionism

Precisionism was the first indigenous modern art movement in the United States and an early American contribution to the rise of Modernism. The Precisionist style, which first emerged after World War I and was at the height of its popularity during the 1920s and early 1930s, celebrated the new American landscape of skyscrapers, bridges, and factories in a form that has also been called “Cubist-Realism.” The term “Precisionism” was first coined in the mid-1920s, possibly by Museum of Modern Art director Alfred H. Barr. Painters working in this style were also known as the “Immaculates,” which was the more commonly used term at the time. The stiffness of both art-historical labels suggests the difficulties contemporary critics had in attempting to characterize these artists. Essentially it is a kind of combination of cubism and realism; it is also known as Cubist realism. The term was coined at the beginning of the…

Hybrid arts

Hybrid arts is a contemporary art movement in which artists work with frontier areas of science and emerging technologies. Artists work with fields such as biology, robotics, physical sciences, experimental interface technologies (such as speech, gesture, face recognition), artificial intelligence, and information visualization. They address the research in many ways such as undertaking new research agendas, visualizing results in new ways, or critiquing the social implications of the research. The worldwide community has developed new kinds of art festivals, information sources, organizations, and university programs to explore these new arts. The “Hybrid Art” category is dedicated specifically to today’s hybrid and transdisciplinary projects and approaches to media art. Primary emphasis is on the process of fusing different media and genres into new forms of artistic expression as well as the act of transcending the boundaries between art and research, art and social/political activism, art and pop culture. Hybrid Art also…

Generative art

Generative art refers to art that in whole or in part has been created with the use of an autonomous system. An autonomous system in this context is generally one that is non-human and can independently determine features of an artwork that would otherwise require decisions made directly by the artist. In some cases the human creator may claim that the generative system represents their own artistic idea, and in others that the system takes on the role of the creator. The Generative Art is a contemporary form of artistic creation, whereby not necessarily the artwork or end product is in the center, but the creation process and the underlying ideas. The work or product is created by processing a processual invention, that is, a set of rules created by the artist or a program that is recorded in the form of, for example, natural language, musical language, a binary…

Environmental art

Environmental art is a range of artistic practices encompassing both historical approaches to nature in art and more recent ecological and politically motivated types of works. Environmental art has evolved away from formal concerns, worked out with earth as a sculptural material, towards a deeper relationship to systems, processes and phenomena in relationship to social concerns. Integrated social and ecological approaches developed as an ethical, restorative stance emerged in the 1990s. Over the past ten years environmental art has become a focal point of exhibitions around the world as the social and cultural aspects of climate change come to the forefront. In a growing world, the number of artists who create, focusing on systems and interactions within our environment, are ecological, geographic, political, cultural and biological. Many of the works in this art are composed of two-dimensional and three-dimensional elements, in which visual and vocal effects may be integrated into…

Electronic art

Electronic art is a form of art that makes use of electronic media. More broadly, it refers to technology and/or electronic media. It is related to information art, new media art, video art, digital art, interactive art, internet art, and electronic music. It is considered an outgrowth of conceptual art and systems art. The term electronic art is almost synonymous to computer art and digital art. The latter two terms, and especially the term computer-generated art are mostly used for visual artworks generated by computers. However, electronic art has a much broader connotation, referring to artworks that include any type of electronic component, such as works in music, dance, architecture and performance. It is an interdisciplinary field and so artists often collaborate with scientists and engineers when creating their works. The art historian of experimental new media art Edward A. Shanken, is documenting current and past experimental art with a…

Ecological art

Ecological art is an art genre and artistic practice that seeks to preserve, remediate and/or vitalize the life forms, resources and ecology of Earth, by applying the principles of ecosystems to living species and their habitats throughout the lithosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, including wilderness, rural, suburban and urban locations. It is a distinct genre from Environmental art in that it involves functional ecological systems-restoration, as well as socially engaged, activist, community-based interventions. Ecological art also addresses politics, culture, economics, ethics and aesthetics as they impact the conditions of ecosystems. Ecological art practitioners include artists, scientists, philosophers and activists who often collaborate on restoration, remediation and public awareness projects. Ecological art is a genre in the field of contemporary art that presents artistic activity that began in response to the global environmental crisis. This art merges an aesthetic, informative and educational art that strives to promote environmental awareness and community…

BioArt

BioArt is an art practice where humans work with live tissues, bacteria, living organisms, and life processes. Using scientific processes such as biotechnology (including technologies such as genetic engineering, tissue culture, and cloning) the artworks are produced in laboratories, galleries, or artists’ studios. The scope of BioArt is considered by some artists to be strictly limited to “living forms”, while other artists would include art that uses the imagery of contemporary medicine and biological research, or require that it address a controversy or blind spot posed by the very character of the life sciences. Bioarte or Bio-Art is one of the most recent trends developed by contemporary art. It has the peculiarity of taking on biotechnology as a means. Cultivation of living tissues, genetics, morphological transformations, biomechanical constructions are some of the techniques used by bio-art artists, posing ethical and social issues to the development in biotechnology. Although BioArtists work…

Natural Ecology and Human Activities of Guadalquivir, Spain

Guadalquivir is the most important river in southern Spain. The watershed passes through mountains, plains, forests, swamps, and other different landforms, and finally flows into the ocean. The sights along Guadalquivir are rich and varied, including some of the most ecologically preserved nature reserves in the country, the most famous historical sites, and large cities with a mix of different cultures. The Guadalquivir is the second-longest river with its entire length in Spain, the river is the only major navigable river in Spain.The river is 657 km long and drains an area of about 58,000 km2. It rises at village of Quesada in the Cazorla mountain range in Jaén, flows through Córdoba and Seville and reaches the sea between the municipalities of Almonte and the fishing village of Bonanza, in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, flowing into the Gulf of Cádiz, in the Atlantic Ocean. The valley of Guadalquivir has always been…

Travel Guide and Wine Tourism in Burgundy, France

Burgundy is well-known for its reputation. At the very heart of the country, Burgundy is one of France’s most prosperous regions. In addition to its rich historical and cultural heritage, the region is also a world-renowned wine producing area. Its peaceful way of life, celebrated wine, delicous food and numerous outdoor activities all combine to make this region the ideal place to discover and appreciate la vie française. Burgundy has a rich history that dates back to the 5th century, roman legacy visible in the substantial Roman remains at Autun. Every village has its Romanesque church, there’s more history on show at Alésia, the scene of Julius Caesar’s epic victory over the Gauls in 52 BC. Since the 9th century that the region really started to flourish, with cities like Dijon on the rise and what would be famous works of art and architecture being produced. During the Middle Ages,…

Norway Round Trip Train Tourism with Scenic Railways

Norwegian train journey are some of Norway’s most beautiful scenic railways and will take you along the coast and through the mountains of the north, west and center. Immersed in Its otherworldly landscapes of deep fjords, rugged coastline, majestic glaciers and jagged mountain ridges throw in the picturesque fisherman huts and the colourful Northern Lights that dance around the skies, which make journey in Norway as a stunning adventure. Scenic Railways in Norway is a well design sightseeing itinerary, this one of world’s best railway journeys offer an entirely new perspective on a destination. From cutting through the countryside to connecting a country’s great cities, brings you closer to nature in new and surprising ways. From the far north to the deep interior southwest, Norwegian architecture and design are integrated into the landscape, Art, design and architecture complement the natural landscape on Norway’s boutique travel itinerary. Norwegian train journey will…

The Great Road Trip and Desert Adventure in Morocco

A country of dazzling diversity, Morocco has epic mountains, sweeping deserts and ancient cities. This country impressed vistors with beautiful, diverse, adventurous, and mysterious. The epic landscapes of Morocco, from its wild Atlantic coastline to the sweeping Saharan desert and rugged mountains, make it prime road trip territory. For most people, Morocco has always been the gateway to Africa. With its vibrant colors, cacophony of sounds, blistering sun, the smells of the spice markets, and thousands of exotic sights, Morocco is truly an awe-inspiring place to visit. This unique North African country combines a stunning natural landscape with distinctive architecture, a rich culture, and famously welcoming locals. The country is rich in history and culture. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab, Berber, African and European cultures, a really varied land with incredible things to see and lots of fantastic experience to make. Islam is the dominant religion,…

Flower Tourism in Amsterdam, Guide Tour of Flower Market, Tulip Farm and Tulip Culture

As Netherlands enjoys the flower capital of the world, Amsterdam offers a variety of unforgettable flower tours throughout the year, whether it is flower exchanges, the world’s biggest flower markets above water, Keukenhof Gardens, flower greenhouses, and tulip museums. The city is visually, culturally, historically, economically, Of course, there is also fragrance, which brings tourists an all-round refreshing experience. The Netherlands is the world’s main producer of commercial tulip plants, the flower fields are the highlight of spring in Holland. Every spring people from all over the world enjoy the beautiful landscape in or around the city centre of Amsterdam. Enjoy the tulip fields, smell the hyacinths, feel the spring breeze and learn all about the Dutch icon, the Tulip. Explore the flower paradise with beautiful flowers, flavours, people, and places, emjoy the best way to experience the Dutch Flower Region. Traditionally, an exhibition of millions of tulips is made…

Travel Guide of the Faroe Islands

The Faroe Islands adrift in the whirling rhythmic North Atlantic Sea, a different world lingers, the 18 islands in the North East Atlantic, characterised by steep cliffs, tall mountains, narrow fjords. A place like no other on earth. The Faroe Islands’s terrain is rugged, and the countryside is dominated by steep mountains, These volcanic islands which make up the Faroe Islands resemble a handful of rocks scattered haphazardly in the deep-sea ocean. An idyllic escape, peacefully set among lush green valleys, imposing basalt cliffs, grand treeless moorlands, and waterfalls plunging directly into the wind-whipped ocean. Home to mountains of myth, hobbit-like turf-roofed houses, and grazing shaggy sheep, these islands make up the perfect playground for the senses. The subpolar oceanic climate is windy, wet, cloudy, and cool, feel like a haunting melody from another time, a myth whispered by the wind. Fickle and highly changeable weather adds to the charm.…

Tulp Festival and Flower Parade in the Netherlands

Every spring people from all over the world enjoy the beautiful landscape just outside the city centre of Amsterdam. Traditionally, an exhibition of millions of tulips is made in the Keukenhof in Lisse in the spring, which is mainly visited by tourists. In addition, many tourists come to look at the tulip fields. Between The Hague and Haarlem, the Bollenstreek comprises the cities of Lisse, Hillegom, Katwijk, Noordwijk, Noordwijkerhout, and Teylingen, which are home to a blooming tulip industry. Tulips are a genus of spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes (having bulbs as storage organs). The flowers are usually large, showy and brightly coloured, generally red, pink, yellow, or white (usually in warm colours). They often have a different coloured blotch at the base of the tepals (petals and sepals, collectively), internally. Breeding programmes have produced thousands of hybrid and cultivars in addition to the original species (known in horticulture as…

Offshore Engineering in Denmark, examples of island construction solutions against urban sprawl, climate change, harsh environments or energy crises

Denmark is a North Sea country with a long coastline and more than 400 beautiful islands. Although the country with the highest happiness index is not facing an imminent crisis, Denmark is already planning for the future. In the face of many environmental and social problems, such as climate change, sea level rise, and energy crisis, Denmark will inevitably link the solution with the rational use of marine resources. Denmark was a society based on agriculture and fishing, and Danes still feel closely tied to the land and the water around them. This respect for nature is why Denmark is a pioneer in promoting sustainability. With the looming threat of climate change, Denmark are turning to more environmentally-friendly urban planning solutions. Copenhagen is a global leader against the climate change, and the city has developed and implemented highly effective sustainable development strategies. In addition to the most well-known complete carbon…