Dancheong
Dancheong (Korean: 단청) refers to Korean traditional decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts for the purpose of style. It literally means “cinnabar and blue-green” in Korean. It is based on five basic colors; blue (east), white (west), red (south), black (north), and yellow (center). Dancheong has various symbolic meanings. Dancheong also represented social status and rank by using various patterns and colors. It functions not only as decoration, but also for practical purposes such as to protect building surfaces against temperature and to make the crudeness of materials less conspicuous. Applying dancheong on the surfaces of buildings require trained skills, and artisans called dancheongjang (단청장) designed the painted patterns.
Paintings on ancient architecture are mainly painted on wooden components such as beams and beams , stigmas , window frames , door leaves , querques , brackets , walls , ceilings , melon canes , corner beams , rakes , and railings . The main part is Liangzhu.
The history of color painting can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period . In the Six Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties , the development of color painting was the climax.
History
The origin of dancheong can be traced from cave paintings and wall paintings which appeared more than 20,000 years ago in the history of mankind, although they may be served for different purposes and functions from the stylized dancheong.
In the 12th century a document titled Goryeo Do-Kyung (高麗圖經) which literally means “Illustrated Account of Goryeo” (918-1392), the Chinese author Xu Jing described the luxurious dancheong on the places at that time. Goryeo Do-Kyung illustrates the dancheong in detail that the handrail was painted in red and decorated with vine-flowers. The coloring and patterns were very vivid, so that the palace stood out among other royal palaces. There are several examples of the dancheong from the Goryeo period such as Josadang (조사당) of Buseoksa Temple in Yeongju, Geukrakjeon (극락전) at Bongjeongsa Temple in Andong, and Daeungjeon (대웅전) of Sudeoksa Temple in Yesan.
Types of Dancheong
The system of patterns is categorized into four different types based on the structural characteristics and positions within the decorative composition. The four types include:
Morucho
Byeoljihwa
Bidan munui
Dandong munui
The development and monotheism of Dancheong
In the early days of the Three Kingdoms , after Dan Chung was adopted as a wooden building, it was considered that the Buddhist temple was greatly developed as the contrast of the Buddhist temple became active. These developments seem to have culminated in the unification Silla Kingdom by improving the quality of monarchy rapidly as the building of the temple diversified. Like all Buddhist arts, it reached the end of the Silla period, but it stagnated somewhat, but it blooms again in Goryeo. Today, it leaves a great work such as murals of Poseoksa temple and murals of Sudeok temple. The paintings of the Joseon Dynasty also inherited the skill of this generation and left the mural paintings of Daewongjeon, including the murals of Daewongsa Temple of Daewongsa Temple, and all the artifacts began to be transformed by the great tragedy of Imjinwaeran, , Songgwangsa (Korean History), and Yeonjeonjeon (The Battle of Yeonjeon). After that, he left the masterpiece of the dragon in the Sichuan Province of the Temple of the Assassins, and also the famous paintings of the Sunsan Dorissa . It seems that Dancheong ‘s narrative has developed into a two – faced Mac. Although it is not yet clear what kind of genealogy it is, it is likely that there was another paleogeography that unified the kingdom of Yeongam and Yeongdong province , which are connected to the Honam district from the symbolic province .
Purpose of Danche
Hwaam and explanation
Here is the root cause of monotherapy. In ancient times, the color of salt was not allowed to paint. The reason for this was to make the building that painted colors stand out. If you magnificently decorate on a huge scale, people feel naturally depressed. It was a splendid monopoly on the authority architecture. There are also paintings of murals that symbolize authority or understand doctrine in the court or the court. It is to explain authority and doctrine with it. So I needed a picture that was understandable even by the illiterate.
Enhance durability
Pigment and Adhesive Add oil to make a film on the surface of wood to prevent dampness and decay to improve durability.
Wood coarse surface (wood rough surface)
The pine tree, which is commonly used as a building material in Korea, The water tree is cracked when dried. Monochrome is necessary to cover such a face.
Furniture Calibration (Frame Calibration)
If an unskilled architect makes a mistake, the strong pine tree may be twisted, and the part of the pine tree that comes up may come down. These defects were corrected by Monaco to look straight.
Pigment
Pigment is a kind of pigment which is composed of three kinds of pigments such as ston, vermilion, erogenous eruption, powder, juto, Jinmal, Songin And the county office.
The color of monochrome
The color of Dancheong has been influenced historically by the ethnic life sentiment and symbol. Therefore, the color of the monochrome decoration reflected the age, and had specificity and uniqueness in means and methods of expression. It is difficult to uncover the monochrome hue of the ground building before the Unified Silla period because it is not transmitted. Of course, it can not be said that it is the same as the ground building, but the various colors that appear in the murals of the Koguryo tomb tell the fine sense of sensitivity of the ancestors’ color at that time.
Thoughts of Dancheon
Just as there is a contrast in architecture, it was created and developed based on the idea of Dancheong. The idea of Dancheong is based on contrasting ideas and one of them is Yin-Yang and Five-Dynasty. The five trees, fire, soil, gold, and water have five symbols, each of which has been passed down.
Neck: Spring – Orient – Blue –
Tue: Summer – South – Red (red)
Sat: Sat (for soil) – Center (center) – Yellow (yellow)
Gold: Chu – West – White (white)
Water: Winter – North – Black –
Here, blue, red, yellow, white, and black are the basic colors of five monochrome (five colors). When the basic color is toned according to the yin and yang colors, the neutral color appears, and when the five colors and the neutral color are colored according to the yin and yang colors, In this color, I thought that the meaning of the universe is expressed.
Construction of Dancheon
Apply background color. There are four different background colors.
① Based on gold leaf, ② Based on wood, ③ Base of queen, ④ Wall of 沙 wall.
The pigment is toned.
① Pour the well-boiled glue (whores) water into white clay and write it evenly. The clay soil uses only a very long still water that has settled down in the water. This is the basis of all color combinations.
② The lead (flour) is finely chopped and purified water to make a chemical agent. It is poured into hot water to dissolve it, then pour hot water and cook it well and grind it so that it does not become thin or thick.
It is painted with coloring and pigments over.
① blue and green background, ② red color background, ③ white background
Portrait – When the background color is painted, it expresses the pattern to paint the determined pattern first.
Vaporization (Painting) – Painting according to a portrait. The coloring is handwritten, the dark color is inside, the light color is outside, and the Bajafi tomb is , while the outline of the whistle is in the shape of an umbilical line Do.
Painted oil – Apply the colored parts of tung oil, pure oil or legal oil. Tung oil has a strong waterproofing property and is effective in insect repellence.
Monchung pattern
Drawn monarch
Anvu Monarch
Ding Dong
Bullfighting monarch
Golden Anvil Monarch
It is the golden monocle.
Non-Sunmun – Non-astronomical,
There are many kinds of Buddhist texts such as phoenix, cranes, parrots, mandarins, heavenly peacocks, peacocks,
The main water dragon – dragon, turtle, tiger, lion, giraffe, chimpanzee, turquoise, 獐 鹿, (White),
Clouds – Clouds in the brain, cloud, cloud, cloud, cross cloud, good cloud, cloud cloud,
Golden Gate – bat, reed, ring. The eaves of the eaves, the ears of the eaves, the gates of the gates, the cross of the gates.
Vowel poetry – Bajafi, Inhui, Sufi, Gimhae, Direct.
The monk’s poem
It forms a contour by drawing a vernacular sentence around the center of the pomegranate. It is painted with a central pattern and a whistle, and it is painted with two or three repetitions. These are collectively referred to as head seconds. The repetition of two central patterns on one head is called a long head, and repeating a long head right and left is called a double head long head. The center pattern drawn on the head of the head is divided into cushion head, head, light head, light head, double head, half head, and half head. At the end of the head of the head, multicolored lines of color are woven.
There are many kinds of vortices. Most of the bend is painted with super light and light, that is, light color and dark color. If the color of one strand is Dahnhye, two colors are two whirls, three are three whirls, and four, five, six, and six, six. It also has a three-leaf gate at the end. This is called a gilding, which means the cap of the head. It ends up endlessly in the form of a struggle. Sometimes color jars are placed at times. Heads usually begin to be drawn from the pillars. There is a straight line drawn in the gap between the column and the head of the head. This is called direct. The pillars are elaborate, square, chapel, dorey and girder. Therefore, the head of the head starts to be drawn according to each member. The body of each member between the column and the column remains as a vacant space because the head is short. Draw a line when it is an anvil, and a gold pattern when it is a monolith monolith. Instead of a gold pattern, you can draw a separate picture. There is also a monochrome pattern heading down from the head of the column. This is called the pillar, but the center of attention to the Buddha is also placed. The pattern of the neck, which is located away from the pillar, is decorated with a separate pattern.
Song type color painting
Main article: Song style painting
The paintings of the Song Dynasty were inherited from the past, and the Song-style colored paintings had special records in the “ Creation Laws ” .
Song-style color painting is divided into three classes and six categories:
First class
Colourful pass: It is the highest standard of the Song Dynasty paintings. The beams, beams, pillars, brackets, and scorpions of the building are each painted in color, and they are beautifully colored. They are colored with blue, green, yellow, and red. Zhu, green, purple, gold, and beautiful colors. The Song-style colorful paintings are colorful, colorful, floral, interlocking, flying fairy, and beasts. There are many different kinds of paintings, which are far more complex than the Qing style paintings. The colorful buildings of the Song dynasty have been decorated with colorful paintings. Due to many repaintings in more than 800 years, most of them have been changed beyond recognition. They are located in Huayan Temple, Datong City, Shanxi Province. The patterns used in the multicolored pass are divided into categories such as huawen, trigram, flying fairy, bird, beast, and moire, each of which is divided into several products.
Grinding jade equipment: the color is mainly green and green, and the outer edge of the road is covered with multi-layered green-blue or green-colored halo, leaving a white halo outside, like a polished jasper, hence the name “grinding jade”. Sometimes it is dotted with multicolored or red. Its pattern is like Huawen, lock pattern, flying away, and so on. As the color of the grinded and polished jade is dominated by the cool-colored blue and green colors, it matches with the overall hue of the red-walled yellow-waisted palace building that appeared in the Jin Dynasty, and thus it is inherited by later generations and developed into the Ming dynasty spiral painting.
Second class:
Green Halo Halo Halo and Halo Halo Haori : These two paintings are printed with blue and green halo and are not painted. Divided into three green halo, green three halo, green three red halo three practices. Mainly used for brackets and other components.
Solve the green decoration: The beams and brackets and other components will be applied with earth color, and the edge of the column will be green and blue.
Third class:
Dan powder brush decoration: the color of all parts are flat coated, the main color tone is warm, with white powder or toner hook edge, not for stacking. Usually the surface is covered with a Zhu Zhu Tong brush, and the lower jaw is painted with white powder.
fouth classt:
Miscellaneous decoration is the practice of using the above five kinds of colored paintings in one building. It not only saves the amount of materials, but also enables the artistic treatment of buildings to achieve special effects because of the matching of cold and warm colors. There are usually the following categories:
Colorful grinding jade dress: 6/10 in the building with colorful pass, 4/10 with grinding jade
Grinding jade painting between the loose pattern: to solve the green loaded in the “song pattern”-based, grinding and polishing equipment accounted for 3/10
Green three-half room decoration, painted jade painting between pine
Drawing pine grain solution green red white
Drawing pine grain, Zhuo Bai between three syncope equipment
Qing style paintings
Main article: Qing type paintings
The development process from the Song-style paintings to the Qing-style paintings is a process that is very complicated and simple. Qing style paintings are mainly divided into :
Temple style painting
Peace and color painting . It is limited to the main halls of the Imperial Palace, Jongmyo Shrine, and large temple architecture complex. It is the most regulated color painting.
Rotary color painting . The level of the rhinoceros painting is slightly lower, and it can be widely seen in courts and Gonggong houses.
Su-style painting two major categories.
Source From Wikipedia